Laboratory and field experiments were conducted on seed soaking (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 or 24 h), seed priming (100, 200, 300 or 400 ml nutrient solution and Riverum), Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) 10000 (4, 8, 12 or 16 g) L -1 of deionized water) and hydro-priming along with fungicide (Ridomil MZ 72 WP) on pearl millet cultivars viz. 18-BY, MS-2, DBR-3 and MH-7077 at Agronomy Department, NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar, and Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan, during 2004, 2005 and 2006. The objectives of the study included water absorption estimation by the seed in unit time, seed soaking and osmotica concentrations response to germination parameters, fungicide efficacy for downy mildew (DM) control and performance of primed seed in the field on yield and yield components. Seed moisture absorption increased enormously during the first 3 h of soaking and declined thereafter. Seed soaking for 6 h enhanced germination, radicle and plumule growth while, lowest germination and shortest radicle and plumule were observed for 24 h soaking. PEG 10000 @ 12 g, Riverum or nutrient solution @ 300 ml L -1 of deionized water gave the highest germination, radicle and plumule growth. In field experiment seed priming enhanced germination, emergence, flowering, leaf area, leaf area index, tiller number plant -1 , plant height, maturity and head length. Heavier grains and more grain, stover and biological yields were recorded for primed seed than non-primed. The cultivars tested showed differential response to various attributes. MH-7077 was the earliest in flowering and maturity. Cultivar 18-BY recorded the highest leaf area, leaf area index and head length. The highest grain number head -1 , grain weight, grain yield and harvest index was observed in MH-7077. The cultivar MS-2 excelled in tiller number plant -1 , plant height, stover and biological yield. Seed priming with PEG 10000 @ 12 g, nutrient solution or riverum @ 300 ml L -1 diionzed water in MH-7077 may be used for higher grain production. Ridomil was effective in controlling DM disease. The DM disease score was lower in hydro- primed seed than non-primed but higher than osmo-primed seed plots.
ڈاکٹر صابر کلوروی مرحوم شبلی ڈگری کالج اعظم گڑھ کے علامہ شبلی سمینار میں پاکستان کا ایک وفد جناب ریاض مجید کی قیادت میں آیا تھا، ڈاکٹر عبدالعزیز ساحر اور محترمہ رابعہ سرفراز کے ساتھ ایک شخصیت ڈاکٹر صابر کلوروی کی تھی، متین، کم سخن لیکن کشش کے مالک، شبلی کی تنقید نگاری کے عنوان سے ان کے مقالے نے بڑی داد حاصل کی۔ دو دن کے مختصر قیام کے بعد جب وہ اور ان کے رفقا رخصت ہوئے تو رخصت کرنے والوں نے کہا کہ سرحد پار سے آنے والے اس دستۂ علم نے ایک بار پھر دلوں کو فتح کرلیا، علامہ شبلی اور ان کی یادگاروں خصوصاً دارالمصنفین سے ان کی غیر معمولی محبت کسی عقیدت مند زائر کے جوش و شوق کی عکاس تھی، وہ بادیدۂ نم رخصت ہوئے تھے اور کسے خبر تھی کہ اتنی جلد وہ اس دنیا سے ہمیشہ کے لیے رخصت ہوکر بے شمار پلکوں کو نم کرجائیں گے، ان کے انتقال کی خبر موقر رسالہ ’’اخبار اردو‘‘ اسلام آباد سے ملی، ۳۱؍ اگست ۱۹۵۰ء سے شروع ہوکر ۲۲؍ مارچ ۲۰۰۸ء کو ختم ہونے والا یہ سفر مختصر ہی کیا جائے گا لیکن کلوروی مرحوم نے اپنی صفت و لیاقت سے اس قلیل مدت کو پرثروت بنادیا، اقبالیات ان کی ادبی کاوشوں کا سر عنوان ہے، ’’یاد اقبال، داستان اقبال، اشاریہ مکاتیب اقبال، اقبال کے ہم نشین، تاریخ تصوف‘‘، کتابوں کے علاوہ ان کا اصل کارنامہ ان کی تھیسس ’’باقیات شعر اقبال‘‘ ہے ڈاکٹر عطش درانی اور دوسرے اہل قلم کی تحریروں سے اردو لسانیات میں ان کی منفرد اور امتیازی خوبیوں کا علم ہوا، مشفق خواجہ نے ان کو غریق تحقیق کہا تھا، اﷲ تعالیٰ غریق رحمت کرے، معارف، پشاور یونیورسٹی میں ان کے کسی رفیق یا شاگرد سے ان کے متعلق ایک مفصل مضمون کی توقع کرسکتا ہے۔
Background of the Study: To assess the functional outcome among patients with arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with endo-button at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital post 6 months.
Methodology: A single centered survey was conducted on 67 patients with arthroscopic AC Ligament reconstruction using Hamstring auto-graft (Semitendinosus-Gracilis tendons) after 6 months and evaluated for functional outcome. The data was collected from Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital. The sampling procedure utilized was non-probability sampling. Functional outcome was assessed using subjective form of IKDC score. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results: Out of 67 patients, all were male. The pre-operative subjective IKDC scoring was less than 30 and post-operative mean IKDC scoring is 73.92. On the basis of findings of study, significant improvement was observed after ACL reconstruction post 6 months.
Conclusion: ACL reconstruction shows significant improvement in knee function and significant recovery of preoperative functional status.
Pakistan is a developing state confronted with the adverse implications of global climate change in presence of its weak economic and institutional infrastructure. The dual task of adapting to negative climate effects and transform its development model to efficient and renewable sources of energy in accordance with the long-term goal of Paris Climate Agreement (2015) is much demanding if not impossible. Global climate change is the sudden transformation, a push, to the natural climate induced by excessive unwise exploitation of natural environment since industrialization.Modern technological civilization for its powering is largely relying on fossil fuels, injecting the largest stores of CO2 into climate. Excessive addition of this heat trapping gas is upsetting the natural greenhouse effect, increased earth surface temperature, a phenomenon termed global warming. Consequently, a torrent of negative climate impacts is unleashed like disruption of hydrological cycle, rapid melting of glaciers and intense and unpredictable weather patterns. These rapid climate variations are constraining human life with crucial implications for the vital sources of livelihood and development: water, food and energy. Pakistan since last decade has witnessed severe floods and intense weather patterns resulting in losses of human life and infrastructure, undermining its crop yields, compounding its existing problems and challenging its fragile governance structure. Fundamentally, a one river based agriculture economy; global climate change could eventually exhaust Pakistan’s freshwater resources and reduce irrigation water for its arid lands. Such constraints could lead to mass migration, inter and intra-state conflict for water sharing, and emergence of strong intransigent societies against state. Pakistan requires adapting to these adverse climate changes and effectively contributes to goals of the Paris Climate Agreement, 2015 without compromising on its economic development. The Paris Climate Agreement is an outcome of an extended decades old contentious politics of the developed global North and developing global South, the fossils fuel based economies and climate threatened low lying and small island states. By setting a goal of keeping earth surface temperature below 2°C and achieve net-zero emissions by mid of the century, this agreement seeks nationally determined contributions from each state and financial and technological support of the developed states to the developing states in actualizing climate resilient clean development. Pakistan National Climate Change Policy (2012) is centered on achieving sustainable development through climate resilient development. However, actualizing climate resilient development demands specific measurable and achievable targets regarding mitigation and adaptation with well-coordinated institutional structure of monitoring and facilitation from the center and a well informed and resourceful climate response structure at the local level. Such an integrated and inclusive approach exists in policy frames but not effectively mainstreamed in the institutional structure.