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Studies on Synthesis of Some Copper Thiol Complexes and Their Interaction With Dna

Thesis Info

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Author

Ismail, Tariq

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12842/1/Tariq%20Ismail_Chem_2018_GCU%28L%29_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727319880

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Blue copper proteins promote a number of critical biological processes including electron transfer, controlled radical reactions, excretion of toxic substances, degradation processes, enzyme activation, toxic radical scavenging and formation of metabolic intermediates. The most important function of blue copper proteins is to transfer electrons through a highly co-ordinate covalent bond between Cu (II) and sulfur atom. The structure, properties and function of copper blue proteins can be obtained by building small molecular analogues. However, the synthesis of copper thiolate is challenging because of relative instability of thiolate group toward both electrophillic attack and oxidative damage. Copper thiolates shows a reaction of dimerization and auto-redox reactions and form disulfides. Making of copper thiolates, need a steric bulk, noncoordinating solvents and strictly avoiding of potentially coordinating counter ions. In this study we have prepared six copper (II) thiol complexes by using mechano-chemical reaction between copper (II) ion and thiol (-SH) functional group containing molecules lcysteine (LCS), n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), glutathione reduced (GSH), d-penicillamine (PEN), mercaptosuccinic acid (MSH) and dl-dithiothreitol (DTT). Color change of thiol molecules after reaction with copper (II) ion indicates the complex formation. All thiol molecules changed into blue color except dl-dithiothreitol which is in parrot green color. Further, complex formation was verified through FT-IR, PXRD, thermal analysis, magnetic properties and DNA cleavage studies. FT-IR spectra shows thiol (-SH) stretch at 2545 cm-1 while it is missing in all copper (II) thiol complexes, indicating that thiol (- SH) group is deprotonated and coordinate as thiolate with copper (II) ion. Powder x-ray diffraction of thiol molecules show very sharp peaks that indicates thiol molecules are very crystalline in nature. After complex formation many peaks were disappeared and their intensity was decreased. The comparison of spectra indicates that crystalline form of thiol molecules changed into amorphous form. Thermal stability was determined by TGA, DTA and DSC. All complexes show thermal decomposition after 2000C, and pattern of thermal decomposition is different from thiol molecules. The effective magnetic moment of copper (II) thiol complexes was determined at 315K and was found in the range of 1.14 to 1.78 BM. These indicate that copper (II) ion has one unpaired electron in the 3d shell; therefore, complexes have magnetic moments which are very close to the value of 1.73 BM, which is only copper (II). DNA cleavage studies were carried out with human and pUC18 DNA with all synthesized copper (II) thiol complexes. Lysis was observed by subjecting the samples to gel electrophoresis against the standards. The results indicate that [Cu(DTT)2], [Cu(LCS)2], [Cu(MSH)2] and [Cu(PEN)2] cleaved both pUC18 and human DNA, it shows that these complexes has an ability to bind with DNA molecule. [Cu(MSH)2] and CUAC (Copper acetate monohydrate) did not show any effect on both pUC18 and human DNA. [Cu(NAC)2] has no effect on pUC18 DNA but it has an ability to cleave human DNA. On the basis of these results in-vivo studies are recommended for targeted delivery of complexes against cancerous cells.
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١۔فرحت شکور

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کوئی شکوہ نہیں ہے ہم کو اپنی بے نوائی سے
ملے ہیں حوصلے کیا کیا تمہاری بے وفائی سے
تمہاری بے نیازی نے جنوں کو پختگی بخشی
ہزاروں لطف پائے ہم نے تیری کج ادائی سے
یہ تنہائی یہ رسوائی تو ہے انجام چاہت کا
بھلا ہم مر نہ جائیں گے ذرا سی جگ ہنسائی سے
وہ جس نے جرمِ اُلفت کی سزا میں فرقتیں بخشی
اُسے کہنا کوئی مرتا نہیں دردِ جدائی سے
ہزاروں خواب ٹھکرا کر یہ کس کے راستے دیکھے
کوئی پوچھے مری آنکھوں کی بجھتی روشنائی سے
تمہاری یاد کے قید و قفس میں زندگی گزری
رہے محروم ہم تیرے خیالوں کی رہائی سے
یہ ممکن تھا وہ میرے شعر سن کر واہ واہ کرتا
اگر اس شوخ کو فرصت جو ملتی خود ستائی سے
وہ اپنی سلطنت کا ہی خدا ہوگا ، اسے کہنا
نہ دیکھے ہم فقیروں کو ادائے کبریائی سے
ہزاروں راہزنوں سے بچ کے جو پہنچے تھے منزل پر
انہیں یاروں نے لوٹا ہے فریبِ پارسائی سے
یہی شیوہ ہے اپنا تو بھلائی کر ، برائی سے
عوض پھولوں کے ہم نے تو ہمیشہ زخم کھائے ہیں
میرے رہوار سے جو زندگی بھر طے نہ ہو پایا
ہے کیسا فاصلہ اس ہاتھ کا میری کلائی سے
خزاؤں نے بسیرا یوں کیا ہے گلشنِ جاں میں
رہے محروم جیون بھر گلوں کی آشنائی سے
کبھی دھرتی پھٹی نہ ہی کبھی وہ آسماں لرزا
امیرِ شہر کیوں جاگے غریبوں کی دھائی سے
تیرے حصے کی خوشیوں سے بھری ہیں جھولیاں کتنی
کئی سر ڈھک گئے فرحتؔ تمہاری بے ردائی سے

القصة القرآنية: قصة في سورة الكهف (أنموذجا)

Islam's entrance into the world created another part in human advancement and altered course of the history. Islamic Culture was progressively overwhelmed on the history and development in light of showing Quran, truth be told, heavenly Quran has impacted all social illicit relationships and individuals' lives. The part of Quran in history and its impacts on societies and social orders particularly, on workmanship which can be viewed as a critical achievement of human progress. Spread of Islam religion and the development of Islamic craftsmanship caused a sort of religious meeting and social association with be set up between various kinds of expressions particularly, music and Islamic customs. By and large, this paper features the interconnection between Islamic practices and story. This article demonstrates that there are different types of stories in Quran which have been produced by Islamic culture identifying with the Quran.

Establishment of Stable Cell Lines Expressing Proteins of Hcv Genotype 3A Pakistani Isolate and Their Molecular Characterization

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis which progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) afflicting > 170 million people worldwide. HCV 3a is the most common genotype (about 70% of all genotypes) circulating in Pakistan. Expression of HCV individual gene of 3a would facilitate therapeutic and vaccines strategies against chronic HCV and liver Cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was the establishment of stable Huh-7 cell lines expressing structural and non structural proteins of HCV Genotype 3a Pakistani isolate obtained from chronic HCV patients. Blood samples were obtained from chronic HCV-3a positive patients. HCV individual genes were amplified using PCR with gene specific primers having restriction sites and kozak sequence. These gene amplicons were cloned in TA and mammalian expression vector PcDNA3.1+. Restriction digestion analysis and sequencing results confirmed the successful cloning of HCV genes in PcDNA3.1 vector. Huh-7 cell lines were transfected with these constructed plasmids having structural or non-structural HCV genes in confluent cells with lipofectamine. Positive clones were selected with G418 and then confirmed by genome PCR. Subsequently, transcription and expression of the integrated genes were demonstrated by RT-PCR, sequencing and Western blot analysis. We successfully cloned and expressed seven HCV-3a genes in PcDNA3.1 mammalian expression vector. Results of western blot and sequencing PCR confirmed the stable expression of these seven genes. Various cytokines like Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF- β), leptin and Angiotensin were used as indicator of disease progression in huh-7 cells stably expressing HCV structural and nonstructural proteins in vitro. Collectively, these observations suggest a significant involvement of HCV huh-7/Core, huh-7/E2 and huh-7/NS5A in the up-regulation of gene expression proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and profibrotic TGF-β. No significant change in the expression of Angiotensin-II in vitro was observed. Up-regulation of leptin was observed in huh-7/E2 cell line only. The stable cell-lines expressing HCV-3a individual genes would be a useful tool to investigate the role of various HCV proteins on HCV disease outcome and testing of new therapeutic strategies against HCV.