محمد فاروق نعمانی
افسوس ہے کہ ۲۶ و ۲۷؍ اپریل کی درمیانی شب میں جناب محمد فاروق نعمانی نے الٰہ آباد میں داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، وہ مولانا شبلی کے برادر زادہ اور مولوی محمد اسحق صاحب وکیل ہائی کورٹ کے صاحبزادے تھے، جو اعظم گڑھ میں مولانا کے علمی و تعلیمی اور خاندانی جائداد اور زمینداری کے کاموں میں ان کے خاص دست و بازو تھے، ان کے انتقال پر مولانا نے ایسا پُر درد مرثیہ لکھا جو اردو کی عزائیہ شاعری میں بے مثال ہے، فاروق صاحب اس وقت کم سن تھے، اس کی طرف مولانا نے اس شعر میں اشارہ کیا ہے۔
لاڈلے ہیں کہ کسی اور کے بس کے بھی نہیں
اس کے بچے ابھی سات آٹھ برس کے بھی نہیں
فاروق صاحب شبلی کالج کے پرجوش اور سرگرم ممبر تھے، دارالمصنفین سے بھی ان کو گہرا اور جذباتی تعلق تھا، یہاں کی دعوتوں اور مجلسوں میں شریک رہتے، صوم و صلوٰۃ کے پابند تھے، لاگ لپیٹ ان کو نہیں آتا تھا۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے اور پس ماندگان کو صبر جمیل عطا کرے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی۔ مئی ۱۹۹۷ء)
Islam is a complete code of life for the humanity. It provides guidance in all aspects of human activity. It guides human being in its economic system, social life, in all worships, in family life and in political set up. State is an institution like others which is a tool for mankind to serve its needs in the best possible ways. Islam does not consider a state designed by Allah and in fact leaves the system open to human intellect, to form a mechanism according to the teachings of the scriptures and needs of the time. The guiding principles of Islam stress on proper utilizations of state machinery and authority to the satisfaction of people and to fulfill dictates of Allah’s directions. Islam forbids utilization of public offices for personal benefits. Islamic traditions instructed that the state officials must learn from the principle of Islam as exemplified in the state at the city of Medina; it additionaly shaped its characters as well. The present article is an attempt to highlight the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) that he gave from time to time and ensured its applications letter and spirit.
Livestock raising is an important occupation for livelihood of rural poor in Pakistan and plays a vital role in poverty reduction. Coxiellosis is a disease caused by Coxiella burnetii and acts as a major trade barricade adversely affecting the productive and reproductive capabilities of the animal, and hinders with commercialization of animal products at local and international market level. This study was planned to conduct serological and molecular investigations on Coxiellosis and to identify any association of seropositivity against C. burnetii antibodies with sex, age, breed, species, parity, farm, district, lactational status, reproductive status (pregnant or non-pregnant), tick infestation, body condition and reproductive disorders in sheep and goats. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about individual animal and general farm management. The sampling design was formulated considering an expected prevalence of 50%, confidence interval of 95%, and 5% desired absolute precision. A total of 1000 sera sample (500 from goats and 500 from sheep) were collected from animals maintained at nine different government livestock farms of Punjab. Firstly, all these samples were analyzed through Indirect-ELISA (IDEXX Q Fever, Coxiella burnetii, Antibody Test Kit) and then pools of seropositive, and suspected serum samples (29 pools) were investigated through real-time qPCR, using single copy isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd) gene, for detection of C. burnetii DNA. Additionally, 55 tick pools were also investigated through real-time qPCR, using multicopy IS1111 insertion element, for genomic detection of C. burnetii in these pools. The diagnostic work was carried out at National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Q fever, Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Jena, Germany. Serological analysis revealed a prevalence of 15.6% (95% CI: 12.5-19.1) and 15.0% (95% CI: 12.0-18.4) in sheep and goats, respectively. Statistically, prevalence of C. burnetii antibodies in serum was non-significantly different (p=0.792, degree of freedom (df)=1, Chi-square (χ2) =0.069) between the two species. A significant association was found between seropositivity against C. burnetii antibodies and different variables like farm (p=0.000, df=8, χ2=141.869), district (p=0.000, df=6, χ22=49.689), breed (p=0.000, df=9, χ2=60.954), lactational status (p= 0.000, df=1, χ22=24.691), reproductive status (p= 0.008, df=1, χ2=7.023), ticks infestation (p=0.000, df=1, χ2=301.914), body condition (p=0.000, df=3, χ2=124.868) and reproductive disorders (p=0.000, df=4, χ2=133.984). However, seropositivity against C. burnetii infection was non-significantly associated with age (p=0.063, df=3, χ2=7.281), parity (p=0.838, df=2, χ2=0.353) and sex (p=0.302, df=1, χ2=1.064) of animal. Univariate analysis revealed a significant (p=0.031, df=1, χ2=4.668) difference in prevalence of C. burnetii DNA in tick pools of sheep and goats, however prevalence of C. burnetii DNA in serum pools was non-significantly (p=0.564, df=1, χ2=0.333) different between the two species. These findings revealed that C. burnetii infection is prevalent in small ruminants maintained at studied livestock farms, as well as in ticks. Further in-depth studies are required to explore its epidemiology more precisely in humans, ticks and various animal species.