Price Fixation in Islamic Law

Adl and Qisṭ is indeed a manifestation of God’s mercy, rather, it may also be seen as a principal objective of Shariʿah. The origin or sources of administration of justice in Islām are the Quran, Sunnah of the holy Prophet, consensus of opinions of the jurists of Islamic jurisprudence and Analogy (Qiyās). Justice is a sacred obligation of supererogatory. It is obligatory upon the Muslim rulers to appoint judges for the dispensation of justice to attain equality, to protect the human rights from their violation, to safeguard the lives and properties, and to maintain law and order in society. As a judge is supposed to accomplish a very important and noble task being a regent of Allāh, hence, some vital merits and criteria regarding the conditions and qualifications for the appointment of the Qāḍī or judge in the light of the Qur’ān, Sunnah and Islamic jurisprudence and the code of conduct for the Pakistani judges must be observed at all costs. The author of this paper has discussed these conditions and qualifications in this article. There are some unanimous conditions for the appointment of judges, while some others are not agreed upon. While presenting the difference of opinions of the Islamic jurists, the author tried to explain, reconcile the opinions and at some places presented her own view in the light of her analysis and arguments. These conditions are around thirty, but the author according to her own discretion chose some of the most important ones to discuss in this paper.

Job Satisfaction in the backdrop of Ethical Dilemma: A Study of Health Care Nurses.

This study tends to highlight the role of ethical conflict in changing job satisfaction of the nurses. Ethics stress faced by nurse acts as a mediator and individual ethical orientation as a moderator in the relationships between ethical conflict and job satisfaction. The purpose of the study is to examine how ethical conflict affects job satisfaction. Analyses were conducted using data from a sample of 550 nurses from public sector hospitals of the Multan district, Pakistan and it revealed attention-grabbing findings. Data was collected through a questionnaire based on adopted scales. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to provide statistical evidence for hypotheses. Ethical conflict was found significant in predicting job satisfaction directly and through mediation. Additionally, individual ethical orientation was found to be a significant moderator of the hypothesized path between ethical conflict and ethics stress. Prior studies on job satisfaction have mainly focused on simple models at any given time. However, researchers increasingly argue that a complex representation (as in this study) may give better understanding of job satisfaction.