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Home > Studies on Tumorous Growth With Reference to Digenetic Trematode in Some Edible Fishes of Karachi Coast

Studies on Tumorous Growth With Reference to Digenetic Trematode in Some Edible Fishes of Karachi Coast

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Rakhshinda Ahmed

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Zoology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13636/1/Rakhshinda_Ahmed_Zoology_Parasitology_2015_Univ_of_Karachi_17.06.2016.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727360334

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Fishes have socio- economics position in all over the world particularly marine fish give a bulk of food for mankind even as fishes of the lakes and rivers are also important source for the food supply. Fish provide a high protein, low-fat diet, which is low in saturated fats. Now a day, due to different disease such as diabetes, cardiovascular problems, hypertension, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, ocular diseases etc., and doctors recommend white meat as compared to red meat. Fish is also recommended for people suffering from malnutrition. Fish production is an important source of income and employment and plays a major role in Pakistan’s economy. Its organ such as liver is an important source of oil and has medicinal value and is used for the treatment of different diseases. Fish also provide fish fertilizer, fishmanure and several other products of commerce. Some fish take pollutants from the environment and water in which they live in and the food they eat .Some of these contaminants provoked in the form of tumourous growth. The word tumour has often been used in a general way to signify any hump or swelling. But commonly the word tumour define as a new growth of cells which deviated from normal surroundings cells in shape, size, structure and organization. The present study deals with neoplastic growth and as well as trematode infection. The intensity of infection was noted for the whole period of investigation from January 2009 to December 2012. During the study 2,373 species of fish were examined, out of which 1,178 were found to be infected by helminths. Mostly the trematodes and neoplastic growth were observed in fish Johnius dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1833) called as “Mushka” of Karachi coast. In case of trematodes the maximum prevalence was recorded during the hot (summer) season of the period while the minimum prevalence was observed in cold season. There were such a great variations observed during the period of study especially in case of neoplastic growth which varies in all the months. Statistical analysis was carried out by Descriptive Statistics, Descriptive Measures and Analysis of variance and Duncnan’s Multiple Range Test which revealed that there were significant difference in the monthly results of mean intensity of trematodes and as well as neoplastic growth. Gross pathological study shows that tumour was separated from the surrounding organs and showed no sign of proliferation. No haemorrhages were observed on the tumour or around the organs. Histopathologically the tumour shows hyperplasia, malpighian cells, atrophied cells, high prismatic basal cells, and fibrosis with eosinophilia and inflammatory cells infiltration. It is concluded that presence of trematode infection not only is responsible for various types of histopathological changes on the fish individually but it may also responsible to provoke bio-chemical changes to promote tumourous growth in most of the fishes under study. But some of the fishes under study shows only tumourous growth without any trematode infections which may be due to some pollutants which contaminate the water or the surrounding environment which are responsible for such type of growth in fishes.
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اوہو ڈھیر سیانا بندہ

اوہو ڈھیر سیانا بندہ
جس نہ کیتا عشق دا دھندا
چھڈ جاندے نیں لوک مسیتاں
جد وی ملاں منگے چندا
چھل دیندا اے اندروں باہروں
سب توں تیز عشق دا رندہ
نفس شکاری بندے پچھے
ہر دم لے کے پھردا پھندا
روٹی رزق خدا دے ذمے
بندہ ڈھور چرند پرندا
کر خدمت خلقت دی بندے
بول نہ مول کسے نوں مندا
حنیف گناہیں ڈبا ہویا
بخشے اوہو رب بخشندہ

Teaching Methodologies for Islamic Studies in Nigerian Universities: Strategies, Evaluation and Way Forward.

Islamic Studies as a discipline in Nigerian Universities was introduced to provide training and the dissemination and promotion of Knowledge of Islam in particular and Islamic culture in general. The discipline is designed to pursue the development of Muslims through inculcation of Islamic values, norms and principles, without which the goal of ideological, moral, intellectual and economic development of any Muslim Nation may not be achieved. The programme seeks to make students appreciate the Qur’an and Hadith of the Prophet (S.A.W) as the two fountain heads on which Islam is based. The curriculum is structured to produce qualified intellectuals, professionals and scholars by integrating the articles of faith (Iman), qualities of knowledge, (Ilm) and good character (Akhlaq) to serve as agents of comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development. It focuses on developing practical solutions through research on contemporary problems of Nigerian Muslim society in particular and the Muslim world in general. This paper is going to discuss on the teaching methodologies for Islamic studies in the Nigerian Universities. A suitable teaching method is very important in helping to achieve desired objectives and behavioral outcome expected on the learners. The research Methodology to be adopted in conducting this research is analytical methods by studying facts and information on research methodologies used for teaching Islamic studies in Nigerian Universities and analyses them to make a critical evaluation. 

Emotional Problems As Predictor of Emotions Related Outcomes Among Adolescents: Moderating Role of Personality Types

The current study aims to investigate the role of emotional problems in the context of emotion related outcomes which includes emotional intelligence, empathy, regulation, and expressivity. Further, in order to examine the relationship between emotional problems and emotional outcomes, this study also aims to figure out the moderating role of personality traits. For this purpose, a sample of (N = 1000) adolescents was enlisted from different areas of the Punjab province (Pakistan) by using purposive sampling technique. For data collection, Urdu version of the scales having determined psychometric properties such as School Children Problem Scale, Big Five Personality Inventory, Emotional Intelligence Scale, Emotional Empathy Scale, Emotional Expressivity Scale, and Emotional Regulation Scale were used. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software version-21. Descriptive statistics, simple linear regression and hierarchical multiple regression were used for hypotheses testing. The findings of current study revealed that emotional problems significantly negatively predicted emotional intelligence (B = -.39, p < .01), emotional empathy (B = -.50, p < .01), emotional regulation (B = -.43, p < .01), and emotional expressivity (B = -.36, p < .01). Moderated multiple regression analysis revealed that personality traits did not play moderating role between the emotional problems and emotional intelligence (p > .05). Neuroticism (B = - .09, p < .01), openness to experience (B = -.18, p < .001) and conscientiousness (B = - .11, p < .01) did not reveal any association among the variables. However, they have played moderating role to determine the association between emotional problems and emotional regulation. In addition, Neuroticism (B = -.12, p < .01) played moderating role between the emotional problems and emotional empathy which has determined the link between two variables. Moreover, no moderating role of personality trait was found between emotional problems and emotional expressivity (p > .05). On the basis of gender and institution, findings on demographic differences did not indicate any difference in (t = 1.32, p > .05), socioeconomic status (t = 1.13, p > .05), family system (t = 1.27, p > .05)(t = 1.08, p > .05), and emotional problems. However, results of residential status (t = 2.34, p < .05) discovered that adolescents living in urban areas exhibited more emotional problems than adolescents belonging to the rural areas.