الاستحسان وحجيته في التشريع الاسلامي

Due to the requirement of Muslim Ummah in current issues a few rules were added in Islamic Jurisprudence. Among these new added rules is Al-Istehsan. The article discussed this rule covering the points given below: - Various definitions ofAl-Istehsan and its explanation. - Five types; Istehsan by nuss, Istehsan by ijmaa, Istehsan by urf, Istehsan by need, istehsan by qiyas. - Authenticity of Al-Istehsan by citing different opinions of the scholars. - Difference between Al-Istehsan and qiyas

Review of the Indus Valeey Religious Beliefs-Through Analytical Study of Seals & Artifacts and Compartive Study of Contemporary Religions

This study tries to identify the significant features of the religion and culture of the people of the Indus Valley Civilization (7000 BCE – 1500 BCE). This is done by examining relationships with past and later cultures found in the Indus River basin. My quest is made difficult by the absence of a readable Indus script. Starting with prehistoric man the writer develops cultural markers (for example, nonviolence and Karma) that seem to differentiate Indus inhabitants from its contemporary civilizations. While it is also true that these cultural markers are pretty evident in the three post-dated religions of the land (Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism), who own it in one way or the other, through the various icons and objects that they have adopted, which might not have travelled genetically but through their culture that was transmitted generation by generation. Therefore in order to understand the mindset of the Indus man, the parameters of the study has been extended and thus includes, the study of the evolution of human thought with respect to the “Divine Force”, through the study of contemporary religions and mythologies of this civilization, the post-dated religions of this land and last but not the least the whole archaeological material of this civilization, which can be our major tool in finding answers and that also in the absence of deciphered Indus script. The whole purpose of this study was to identify the long forgotten religious beliefs of the Indus people and to relive their glory. A civilization, which is known to the world for its excellent town planning and “public works”, a civilization that invented the toilet and bathing platforms, a civilization whose sanitary works and waste disposable system were the envy of contemporary civilization, a civilization double the size of its contemporaries, a civilization known for its lack of weaponry and armaments, a civilization known for its peace, a civilization known for its trade and gateway cities, a civilization known for its equidistant settlements, a civilization known for its distribution and procurement techniques, a civilization known for its agriculture, a civilization known for its weights and measures, a civilization known for its “unicorn”, a civilization known for “the mediating yogi”, a civilization known for its seals, a civilization known for its “priest king”, a civilization known for its “dancing girl”, a civilization known for its modest burial customs, but the one thing it is not known for are its religious beliefs.