Present work aimed to study a thin film of amorphous carbon (a-C) produced by DC magnetron sputtering on stainless steel (SS) and aluminum (Al) to investigate the proposed solution for elimination of e-cloud arising in the beam pipes of high energy accelerators. Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is under upgradation to achieve high luminosity (HL-LHC). To achieve this goal some integral developments in the injection chain of LHC have been planned. Suppression of electron cloud effect in beam pipe is one of the activities to improve the beam performance of HL-LHC. To mitigate the electron cloud effect, the beam pipe should have low secondary electron yield (SEY). The a-C coatings were prepared at CERN and PINSTECH with different process parameters. In the primary part of the study coatings produced at CERN under different coating parameters, were investigated for UHV properties. In this study outgassing rate of coated SS samples were measured in comparison with uncoated SS sample for both unbaked and baked conditions. Furthermore, electron stimulated desorption yields for these coatings were also measured. The coating produced on SS and Al by DC magnetron sputtering were compared with those of commercially available standard samples of other allotropes of carbon such as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and glassy carbon. The samples were characterized with Atomic Force Microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and SEY measurements by electron irradiation. A theoretical model based on Cs+ irradiation effect on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been proposed to explain the interaction and energy dissipation mechanisms. Mono-layered nature of sp2 hybridized SWCNTs makes them perfect to be taken as monolayer graphene folded cylindrically. Information theoretic parameters identify, distinguish and characterize the existence and the relative operational efficiency of the linear cascades and nonlinear thermal spikes on the surface of the irradiated SWCNTs. The study proved to be helpful to comprehend the characteristics of a-C coatings prepared by DC magnetron sputtering and its role in electron cloud mitigation. On the basis of findings, the a-C coatings have been confirmed to be applicable in UHV systems with minimum required SEY ~ 1 for high energy accelerators like HL-LHC. Minimization of SEY is attributed to the disorder in the aC due to reasonably selected coating parameters.
The Syntactical Study of the Quranic Phraseology Arabic language renders primal focus on syntactical placement of words in a sentence id est each constituent of the sentence contains some specific placement which connotes the propriety of the sentence and it plays a vital role in its structural unity. It ought to be kept in mind that ancient syntacticians had unanimously concluded the primal role of specific placement. They highlighted its various forms as in some conditions constituents of a sentence can be replaced from its specific structural placement, for instance, object is placed in place of subject as in “ jaa ni alqom”( جاءني القوم) the people came to me. While in some other cases and conditions such replacement is not admissible and if such re-structure is made, it will dilute the connotation, for instance, the positions of conjunctive pronoun before the principal clause, adjective with noun, possessive noun with the noun-possession and the conditional clause with the sub-ordinate clause are not admissible otherwise all these re-placement of the constituents in a sentence will cause the deformation of structure and implications.
This research is conducted on the selected topic of IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MEDIATED BY ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT. The objective of this study was to find out the existence of psychological contract in the organizations and its impact on the performance of the employees, organizational commitment was taken up as mediating variable and it is used to find out the mediating effect between the two variables. Researcher has used linear regression analysis technique and sobel test for testing hypothesis. Data collection was conducted through questionnaire. For this particular study IT industry was selected due to options available for switch over from one organization to another, sample size was 200 and respondents include IT professionals. Results gives us same aspect of what literature has revealed, along with the existence of psychological contract there is a significant impact on employee performance as well as there is a presence of partial mediation.