ڈاکٹر وحید اختر
افسوس ہے مشہور شاعر و نقاد ڈاکٹر وحید اختر بھی وفات پاگئے، ان کی پیدائش اور ابتدائی تعلیم اورنگ آباد میں ہوئی۔ جامعہ عثمانیہ حیدر آباد سے فلسفہ میں ایم۔ اے اور پی۔ ایچ۔ ڈی کی پھر علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی آئے اور پروفیسر، صدر شعبہ فلسفہ اور ڈین ہوئے۔
خواجہ میر درد پر بہت کم کام ہوا ہے، ان کی کتاب ’’خواجہ میر درد۔ تصوف اور شاعری‘‘ سے اس کمی کی تلافی ہوگئی جس کی علمی و ادبی حلقوں میں بڑی پذیرائی ہوئی۔ فلسفہ، ادبی تنقید اور غالب وغیرہ پر انہوں نے جو کچھ لکھا ہے وہ قدر و قیمت کا حامل اور ان کے اچھے ادبی و تنقیدی ذوق کا ثبوت ہے۔ ڈاکٹر وحید اختر کے متعدد شعری مجموعے بھی شایع ہوئے ہیں، انہیں نظم و غزل دونوں پر قدرت تھی۔ ان کی شاعری مسائل عصر کی ترجمانی ہے۔
اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی بشری لغزشوں سے درگزر فرمائے اور ان کے ساتھ رحم و مغفرت کا معاملہ فرمائے۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی،جنوری ۱۹۹۷ء)
Islam caters to people’s need for peace and serenity and therefore takes every legal measure to safeguard the society against disruptive elements. A criminal who spoils the tranquility of a peaceful society deserves to be awarded severe punishment but Islam does not deem it logical to execute punishments before eliminating the major causes for commission of crimes. The following research article describes the attitudes of Western critics of Islam--such as Robert Spencer-- towards Islamic penalties namely amputation and stoning to death. It describes Islamic concept of crime and punishment in comparison with Western concepts and attempts to prove that Islam never loses sight of moderation and inflicts no barbarities. The last part of the research article, through crime statistics of United States of America, proves that the they have disastrously failed to curb violent crimes in their society. Hence it is high time that the world recognized the effective role and deterrent value of Islamic punishments for peace and stability.
Wheat yield in Pakistan is low due to poor germination; poor stand establishment and lack of optimum quantity of water availability at critical growth stages. The objectives of this study were to study and evaluate various osmopriming sources effects under optimum and limited soil moisture at critical growth stages of wheat for improved stand establishment and yield components. The experiment was conducted during 2008-09 and repeated in 2009-10 at new developmental farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement replicated three times. Moisture stress levels (M) were allotted to main plots and osmopriming sources (OPS) to subplots. Before field experiment a laboratory experiment was conducted for the selection of optimum concentration of osmopriming sources per liter of water. The selected concentrations per liter of water of ten osmopriming sources from the laboratory were PEG (100 g), KCl (37.25 g), KNO 3 (101 g), NaCl (58.5 g), NH 4 Cl (53.5 g), CaCl 2 (55.5 g), mannitol (20 g), Na 2 SO 4 (71 g), hydropriming and control. In field experiments these were studied at three moisture stresses of 60, 70, and 80% MAD (management allowed depletion). Moisture stress and osmopriming sources significantly affected phenological development, agronomic characteristics and physiological parameters of the wheat. Lowest days to maturity (157) were noted for 80% MAD. While 70% MAD produced maximum spikes m -2 (294), grain yield (3348 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10487 kg ha -1 ), absolute growth rate from heading-maturity (1.18 g day - 1 ), crop growth rate from heading-maturity (7.86 g m -2 day -1 ), and specific leaf area (300.66 cm 2 g -1 ). Largest leaf area (82.32 cm 2 ) and relative growth rate from tillering- heading were observed for 60% MAD. For osmopriming sources minimum days to emergence (8) were noted for PEG. While KNO 3 osmoprimed seeds took lowest days to heading (113) and days to maturity (155). higher emergence m -2 (82), spikes m -2 (313), spikelets spike -1 (17), 1000 grains weight (39.97 g), grain yield (3481 kg ha -1 ), biological ivyield (10877 kg ha -1 ), absolute growth rate from tillering-heading (1.88 g day -1 ), absolute growth rate from heading-maturity (1.33 g day -1 ), crop growth rate from tillering-heading (12.52 g m -2 day -1 ), crop growth rate from heading-maturity (8.87 g m -2 day -1 ), relative growth rate from tillering-heading, relative growth rate from heading-maturity, leaf area (84 cm 2 ), and specific leaf area (305 cm 2 g -1 ) were recorded for PEG (100 g L -1 of water). Likewise KNO 3 (101 g L -1 of water) osmoprimed seeds attained highest plant height (93 cm), grains spike -1 (51) and harvest index (32.53%). In the light of economical analysis hydropriming proved best among other osmopriming sources in lowering input cost of priming, and maximizing net benefit and income.