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Home > Study of Electrostatic Modes and Potential of a Projectile in a Hot Magnetized Non- Maxwellian Dusty Plasma

Study of Electrostatic Modes and Potential of a Projectile in a Hot Magnetized Non- Maxwellian Dusty Plasma

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Deeba, Farah

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/214

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727372015

Similar


The electrostatic potentials (Debye and wake) and energy loss due to a charged projectile propagating through an dusty plasma are derived employing kappa and generalized (r,q) velocity distributions for the Dust Acoustic Wave (DAW). It is found that these quantities in general differ from their Maxwellian counterparts and are sensitive to the values of spectral index, kappa in case of kappa distribution and to r, q in case of generalized (r,q) distribution. The amplitudes of these quantities are less for small values of the spectral index (kappa, r=0, q) but approach to the Maxwellian in the limit κ→∞ (for kappa distribution) and for r=0, q→∞ (for generalized (r, q) distribution). For any non-zero value of r, the potential and the energy loss grow beyond the Maxwellian results. The effect of kappa and generalized (r, q) distributions on potential and energy loss is also studied numerically and the results are compared with those of the Maxwellian distribution. A generalized dielectric constant for the electron Bernstein waves using non- Maxwellian distribution functions is derived in a collisionless, uniform magnetized plasma. Using Neumann''s series expansion for the products of Bessel functions, we can derive dispersion relations for both kappa and the generalized (r,q) distributions in a straight forward manner. The dispersion relations now become dependent upon the spectral indices κ and (r,q) for the kappa and the generalized (r,q) distribution respectively. Our results show how the non-Maxwellian dispersion curves deviate from the Maxwellian depending upon the values of the spectral indices chosen. Pure dust Bernstein waves are also investigated using non- Maxwellian kappa and (r,q) distribution functions. Dispersion relations for both distributions are derived considering waves whose frequency is of the order of dust cyclotron frequency and dispersion curves are plotted. It is observed that the propagation band for dust Bernstein waves is rather narrow as compared with the electron Bernstein waves. However the band width increases for higher harmonics, for both kappa and (r,q) distributions. Effect of dust charge on dispersion curves is also studied and one observes that with increasing dust charge, the dispersion curves shift toward the lower frequencies. Increasing the dust to ion density ratio causes the dispersion curve to shift toward the higher frequencies. Relevance of this work can be found in astrophysical dusty plasmas where non-Maxwellian distribution is present along with the dust particles.
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سر شانتی سروپ بھٹناگر

سرشانتی سروپ بھٹنا گر
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں سرشانتی سروپ بھٹنا گراور پنڈت کشن پرشاد کول، ملک کی دونامور شخصیتوں نے وفات پائی اور ملک ان کی خدمات سے محروم ہوگیا۔اول الذکر ہندوستان کے نامور سائنٹسٹ تھے۔ کیمسٹری اور فزکس میں بین الاقوامی شہرت کے مالک تھے، آزادی کے بعد سے ملک میں جو صنعتی ترقی ہوئی ہے اور سائنس نے جو فروغ پایا ہے اس میں سرشانتی سروپ کابہت بڑا حصّہ ہے۔پھربڑی بات یہ ہے کہ وہ مرزا غالبؔ کے محبوب شاگرد اور دوست منشی ہرگوپال تفتہ جن کو مرزا نوشہ محبت میں مرزا تفتہ کہاکرتے تھے ان کے نواسے تھے اور انھوں نے اردو شعروشاعری کاذوق ورثہ میں پایا تھا۔ چنانچہ وہ اُردو کے صاحب دیوان شاعر بھی تھے۔مشاعروں کی صدارت بھی کرتے تھے اور اپنے دوست احباب کوجن میں شامل ہونے کا فخر راقم الحروف کوبھی تھا،اپنے اشعار بڑے مزے میں سناتے تھے۔ سائنس اور شاعری کے لطیف امتزاج اورخاندانی روایات کے باعث وہ ہماری گذشتہ تہذیب اور کلچر کے سچے حامل اورعلم بردار تھے۔ اب ان کی وفات سے جو خلا پیدا ہوگیا ہے اس کاپُر ہونا مشکل ہے۔
[ فروری ۱۹۵۵ء]

 

آیتِ کریمہ يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقُولُوا رَاعِنَا وَقُولُوا انْظُرْنَا سےحجیتِ سدُالذرائع پر ابنِ حزم کےمعارضہ کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ An Analytical Study of the Ibn-e-Hazam’s Objections to Authenticity of the Sadd-o-Zaree'ah

As well as per Shariah, it is admissible and some of the time even mandatory to save the devotees from the activities that might lead them towards the prohibited exercises. Consequently, the decision of denial from these kinds of exercises is called Sadd-e-Zaree'a. This is the guideline derived from the Quran and Sunnah. As Almighty Allah prohibited the devotees to say 'Raina' because this word was utilized by Jews purposely in an off-base way with underhanded aims, while, Muslims introduced their solicitations by this equivalent word in the most elevated court of The Holy Prophet (harmony and gifts arrive) for looking for effortlessness and unwinding in their concerned issues. As in Quran: O People who Believe, don't tell (the Prophet Mohammed-harmony and gifts arrive), "Raina (Be accommodating towards us)" however say, "Unzurna (Look leniently upon us)", and listen mindfully in any case. [Baqarah 2:104]. (To disregard the Holy Prophet - harmony and endowments arrive - is impiety.) Ibn Hazm in his famous book Al-Aḥkām Fī ūṣūl Al-Aḥkām has objected to the mentioned verse from which jurists have taken the argument of Sadd-e-Zaree'a. Because the Zahiri school of thought is based on the appearance of the text (Quran o Hadees). This is why Ibn Hazm Zahiri denies it (the source of Shariah), and proves that accepting the source of Shariah is an increase in religion which is in itself illegitimate as well as the opposition of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). There is also the addition of items by their thoughts in Shariah. In the above article, an analytical study of the objections of Allama Ibn Hazm will be presented, explaining the sources and the arguments as to whether or not their source is Shariah.

Immunophenotyping of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi

Objective: To characterize the immunophenotypic features of CLL/SLL among patients diagnosed at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. Background: Cancer is a growing health burden worldwide. Rising to this challenge will require improved diagnostic services. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is common in elderly patients. Early laboratory criteria for diagnosis only required demonstration of persistent lymphocytosis and morphological evaluation. The current international standard in diagnosis however, incorporates findings of immunophenotyping. Facilities for immunophenotyping have generally been unavailable in Kenya. The Royal Marsden Hospital criteria (RMH) provide a scoring system that enables CLL/SLL to be distinguished from other mature B cell disorders. Method: A laboratory based cross sectional survey conducted from August 2011 to April 2012. A census of eligible cases was conducted. Potential cases were identified based on the French-American-British (FAB) morphologic criteria for CLL. Consecutive samples were obtained and subjected to 3 colour immunophenotyping on a Beckman Coulter Cytomics FC 500 cytometer. A limited panel of antibodies was used. These included CD5, CD19, CD22, CD23, FMC7, kappa and lambda. CLL/SLL was defined using the RMH scoring system. The baseline clinical and diagnostic data were also obtained. Results: Forty nine cases met the eligibility criteria. Thirty one were known CLL cases and 18 were newly diagnosed. Median age at diagnosis was 62 years (range 45-95 years). Male: Female ratio was 1.3:1. Black patients were more likely to present with high risk disease (Rai stages III-IV) and with higher lymphocyte counts than non-blacks at diagnosis. 26.5% presented in Rai stage 0. The prevalence of CD5/CD23 co-expression in cases defined as CLL was found to be 95.9%. CD5 was universally expressed whereas CD23 was present in all but 2 cases. Both were associated with atypical morphology. Complete absence of light chain expression using a monoclonal antibody was found in 12.2% of cases. Five patients had their diagnosis revised. Of 30 patients on follow-up for CLL, only 1 in 6 had had any form of immunophenotyping done. Conclusion: Immunophenotyping is diagnostically productive and should be part of the diagnostic workup when a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder is suspected.