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Home > Study of Half Metallic Ferromagnetism in Thin Films of Heusler Alloys

Study of Half Metallic Ferromagnetism in Thin Films of Heusler Alloys

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhammad Aftab

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-I-Azam University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2210/1/2764S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727374530

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The possibility of half metallic behavior has been investigated in Co2Mn1-xCrxSi and Co2MnxTi1-xAl thin films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. Structural, magnetic and transport properties have been studied, particularly with a view to understanding the role of disorder on these properties. The growth conditions for deposition of these films on glass substrate without any additional buffer layer were optimized by using Co 2MnSi as the starting material. Crystallographic order in the films improved with increased substrate temperature and films grown at a temperature of 773K were found to exhibit the ordered L21 structure. Ferromagnetic order in the films also improved with increasing substrate temperature. A saturation magnetization (MS) value of 1061emu/cc, close to the MS value of bulk Co2MnSi, was obtained for the film deposited at 773K. Based on these optimized conditions, thin films of quaternary Co2Mn1-xCrxSi (0≤x≤ 1) Heusler alloy were prepared. High resolution transmission electron microscopy images of films showed granular morphologies, crystalline growth, and an ordered L21 structure in compositions with x≤0.6. For higher Cr concentrations (x>0.6), secondary phases started to appear and crystallinity was lost for x=1 composition. The Co2CrSi composition was found to possess disordered A2 structure and the desired L21 ordered phase was not obtained presumably due to the known instability of the desired phase. Magnetization measurements showed that for x≤0.2 magnetization values followed the Slater-Pauling rule, while for 0.2<x≤0.6 the MS values fell short of the theoretically predicted values. This decrease in saturation magnetization was explained in terms of Co-Cr antisite disorder present in these films. The values of Curie temperature were observed to decrease with increase in Cr concentration. For compositions with x>0.2 the enhancement of the Co-Cr antisite disorder also manifested itself in the decrease in the spin wave stiffness co-efficient and a sign change of the temperature coefficient of resistivity (at x>0.6). A resistivity minimum, observed at low temperatures (in metallic compositions) and the crossover from metallic to semiconducting type resistivity with increasing x were explained as originating mainly in the antisite disorder. These effects were explained in the light of Kaveh and Mott’s model of disorder leading to weak localization. For compositions with x≤0.6, the low temperature resistivity could be explained as arising from electron-electron interactions and due to two magnon scatterings. The latter is considered as an indicator for half metallic ferromagnetism. Both the onset temperatures as well as the temperature range for the half metallic features were observed to decrease with increasing x. In the other quaternary Heusler alloy Co2MnxTi1-xAl (0≤x≤ 1) thin film series all the compositions exhibited B2 type structure due to the effects of antisite disorder. The values of saturation magnetization increased with increasing Mn content in the films and were in general agreement with the values obtained using the Slater-Pauling rule. The general trend of magnetization in these thin films, as noted for others half metals, was describable as that of a Heisenberg ferromagnet at low temperature and an itinerant ferromagnet at higher temperatures. Electrical resistivity as a function of temperature showed a change from a metallic type behavior for x≤0.25 to a semiconducting type for x>0.25. At lower temperatures (T<25K) metallic compositions in this quaternary series also showed the presence of a resistivity minimum. The resistivity behavior above the low T upturn in metallic compositions followed a dependence that was explained in terms of electron-electron scattering and one magnon scattering. The expected half-metallic behavior was not clearly evident in this series, presumably being destroyed by the presence of Co antisite disorder within the B2-type structure, as has been predicted by first principle calculations. Finally, magnetoresistance measurements were performed on various compositions in Co2Mn1-xCrxSi series at temperatures below and above the resistivity minimum and the results were found consistent with the low field transport being strongly affected by spin polarized intergrain tunneling.
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میں نے محبت کو دیکھا

میں نے محبت کو دیکھا

میں نے محبت کو دیکھا'

اس کی نیم وا آنکھوں کے

          پھیلے سمندروں میں'

میں نے محبت کو دیکھا'

بچھڑتے وقت اس کے لبوں کی کپکپاہٹ میں'

میں نے محبت کو دیکھا'

خزاں زدہ شاخ پہ اٹکے زرد پتوں میں'

میں نے محبت کو دیکھا '

اسکی آنکھوں سے چھنتی سورج کی کرنوں میں'

میں نے محبت کو دیکھا'

اسے میرے کپ سے چائے کا آخری    گھونٹ پینے میں'

 

میں نے محبت کو پھیکا پڑتے دیکھا'

پرانی البم کی مدھم ہوتی تصویروں میں'

تصویروں کی اکھڑتی پرتوں میں'

دیواروں پہ ٹنگی پرانی تصویروں کے

اچانک ٹوٹ گرنے میں۔

The Role Of Attachment Style And Marital Quality In Attachment Injury Couples

The attachment system is thought to facilitate relationship goals by motivation seeking and bonding activities with significant others, particularly under times of stress (Bowlby, 1982). Attachment theory has also contributed to further understanding the marital relationship in terms of profound psychological and physiological interdependence. It is perhaps this interdependence that causes damage to the quality of attachment relationship. Hence, attachment injury is defined as “a specific incident or event in which one partner is unresponsive and inaccessible when one partner cries out for help in extreme need” (Johnson & Makinen, 2001). Therefore, marital distress or breakup in couple’s relationships does not happen suddenly, so understanding of attachment injury in relation to individual’s marital quality and attachment style would help practitioners to be equipped for appropriate and effective inventions. Further it would also help counsellors and mental health professionals to be familiar with the complexities of the topic by dealing with consequences of an attachment injury ethically and competently.  Therefore our study aimed at examining the prevalence and nature of attachment injury and its effect on marital quality, in a group of married heterosexual couples. It also attempted to associate attachment styles with and without attachment injury in couples. The study employed cross-sectional exploratory design with a set of self-administered measures. The sample comprised of 400 married individuals from urban Bangalore. Statistical results showed those individuals who were experiencing attachment injury are associated with poor marital quality. It was also seen that attachment injury was found to be associated with gender and insecure attachment style. Therefore our findings suggest that poor marital quality with insecure attachment style plays an important role in attachment injury over time. Based on the attachment style, further intervention strategies and effective programs should be designed for marital counselling. And marital enrichment programs may be useful to enhance marital quality to prevent the marital distress or breakups.

Taxonomy, Ecobiology and Management of Mealybug on Cotton in Pakistan

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