عصرحاضر کے مسائل کے بارے فتاوی میں احتیاط کے منہج کی عصری معنویت و اہمیت اسباب اور اصول و ضوابط

Fatwa is the easiest tool to explore the religious status of any newer problem faced by the public, though it is non-binding theory  by its nature still people rely on that and get it from any renowned scholar to for the sake of awareness and to support their religious background. The ultimate result in fatwa depends on the methodology adopted in it. Alike methodologies of  tashdeed and tasahul the precautionary methodology has also been practiced in the earlier stages of Islam  when the issues were not much complicated but in the era  we live in the newer are much complicated which need this methodology to be practiced. This study throws light on the concept of such methodology, on its reasons and principles. It concludes that the precautionary methodology of fatwa is based on shariah rules and its is admissible by its nature but when this methodology becomes the way to save a compulsory thing then it becomes compulsory and when adoption of this methodology becomes to strengthen a Haram action then adoption of this methodology becomes Haram.

National Identity Construction in Pakistani Media After 9/11

This study intends to analyze national identity construction in Pakistani print media after 9/11. A review of literature indicates that the past research has mostly focused on framing image of Pakistan in international media that guides to explore how Pakistani indigenous media frames our national identity. Framing theory and social identity theory have been utilized to ascertain the role of Pakistani media in framing national identity. This study adopted mixed methods approach. It employed quantitative and qualitative content analysis of Pakistani leading daily English and Urdu newspapers including The News, Dawn, Daily Jang and Daily Nawa-i-Waqt from 2001-2015. Semiotic analysis of selected pictures and discourse analysis of selected news items were also conducted. The sample was drawn following systematic sampling. The unit of analysis were news stories and published pictures. Results from quantitative and qualitative content analysis of news stories indicated that Pakistani English and Urdu press framed positive identity of Pakistan. Analysis of the pictures revealed that positive frames were employed more than negative frames to depict Pakistan and its people. On the other side, discourse analysis revealed that Pakistani press constructed a positive self that is strong, cooperative, confident, peace-loving, and sovereign while presented India, USA, and Afghanistan as negative other in the news stories. Pakistani press also self-othered the terrorists and constructed Pakistani self as a victim of terrorism not terrorists. This finding documents the perspective of self-othering to be added to the application of social identity theory.