A series of novel and biologically potent organometallic complexes using Nheterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), cephalosporin derivatives, quinolilone derivatives, vitamins and antiviral molecules as ligands has been synthesized. The geometry of the synthesized ligands and their metal adducts are done through state of the art spectral tools like NMR (1H, 11B, 19F) UV/Visible and FT-IR. It is confirmed through these spectral studies that in the NHCs the metal is bonded through the active carbine side while in other classes metal is bonded through either oxygen or through nitrogen in some cases. After synthesizing the ligand and the metals molecules are subjected to a variety of biological tests like, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, Positron emission topography and ADMET studies in order to evaluate the bio-potential of the synthesized molecules. Some of the selected compounds are screened with various microorganisms like Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and with some fungi. The results obtained are quite impressive, it can be shown that ligands in its free state possess less activity while it is clear from the results that their activity shifts to greater extent while treated with various metals. This clearly shows that metals are responsible for the bioactivity. Further, the molecular docking study was also carried out for Tin(IV) Schiff bases complex in order to correlate the biological experimental results. As in the parent study the Tin(IV) Schiff base complexes derived from piperenol and Entecavir exhibit excellent biological results which were further confirmed through molecular docking study. For some of the molecules ADMET study was also carried out in order to check/correlate the experimental data. ADMET study also confirmed the experimental results. It can be concluded from the present study that the organometallic complexes/metal molecules can serve as potent agents in curing many diseases and may prove their role as future metal base drugs.
پروفیسر محمد نعیم الرحمن پروفیسر محمد نعیم الرحمن مرحوم ریڈر شعبۂ عربی و فارسی الہ آباد یونیورسٹی کی وفات علمی حلقہ کا بڑا المناک سانحہ ہے، مرحوم مشہور مصنف و مترجم مولوی خلیل الرحمن صاحب مرحوم صاحب اندلسیات کے خلف الصدق اور خود ممتاز صاحب علم اور علم و فن کے خدمت گزار تھے، عربی، فارسی اور انگریزی کے علاوہ فرنچ اور عبرانی سے بھی واقف تھے، عربی زبان سے ان کا تعلق محض درس و تعلیم تک محدود نہ تھا، بلکہ ان کو اس کا ذوق اور ان میں اس کی خدمت کا جذبہ تھا، انجمن عربی صوبہ متحدہ کے معتمد اور اس کے سرگرم کارکن تھے، انھوں نے الہ آباد یونیورسٹی میں عربی کی اہمیت اور مسلمان طالب علموں میں اس کا ذوق قائم رکھا، بہت سے علمی اور تعلیمی اداروں کے رکن اور ممبر تھے، تصنیف و تالیف سے بھی ذوق تھا، متعدد کتابوں کے مصنف، مترجم اور مرتب تھے، عربی و فارسی کی بہت سی درسی کتابیں لکھیں، ان کی قلمی یادگاروں میں مورخ عبدالواحد مراکشی تمیمی کی ’’المعجب فی تخلیص اخبار المغرب‘‘ کا اردو ترجمہ خلافت موحدین خصوصیت کے ساتھ لائق ذکر ہے، مرحوم کی عمر پچپن چھپن سال سے زیادہ نہ تھی اور صحت ایسی تھی کہ مشکل سے پینتالیس سال کے معلوم ہوتے تھے، چند مہینے بیمار رہ کر، ۲۷؍ فروری کو انتقال کیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس خادم علم کو نعیم جنت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی،اپریل ۱۹۵۰ء)
شكلت القمّة العالمية الثالثة المنعقدة بجوهانسبورغ سنة 2002 نقطة تحول أساسية في المسار التاريخي للتنمية، حيث حضرته، ولأول مرة، المقاولات والمنظمات غير الحكومية ONG، ليضعها المؤتمر أمام مسؤولياتها التاريخية تجاه التنمية المستدامة. وينطلق هذا البحث من الأسئلة التالية: كيف تفاعلت المقاولة المغربية مع مفهوم التنمية المستدامة، وكيف وظفته في استراتيجياتها؟ ومن خلال نتائج التحليل نستنتج أن ما تروج له المقاولة الفوسفاطية، من خلال مديرية التنمية المستدامة، من كون المقاولة مسؤولة اجتماعيا يبقى مجرد "دعاية مستدامة" موجهة للسوق العالمية من أجل خدمة "استراتيجية الريادة الصناعية"، وأن عدم تحمل المقاولة لمسؤوليتها الاجتماعية والأخلاقية تجاه محيطها، أنتج مفارقة "مقاولة تنجح في محيط يفشل".
Positive public images of a nation play pivotal role in cementing the relations at international arena. Consequently, many states invest their human and financial resources, to project their positive images to defend and serve their interests. As a matter of fact, the US image in the world is positive as well negative. Pakistan remained an important ally of USA during and after cold war however Pakistan-USA relations never progressed in a linear direction. The history of relations between the both nations has been marked by periods of courtship and phases of distrust. The relationship sometimes brought the two states to close friendship and sometimes to hostility. The engagement and disengagement between the two states often coined with the divergence of their national interests. No doubt, it was only the national interest of two states which binds them in either friendly or hostile relationship. The global agenda of USA basically revolved around its own political, economic and strategic interests in international arena; hence it pursued the policies for its own benefit. The regional agenda of Pakistan too revolved around its security and economic development. The global interests of the USA and regional interests of Pakistan were the main cause of engagement and disengagement between the two states. This empirical study is designed to investigate the factors affecting, molding and promoting the positive or negative images of USA in Pakistan. Five urban centers were selected to evaluate the US image including four provincial capitals namely Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta along with the federal capital Islamabad. Survey method was used to evaluate the US image in all the five urban centers. The target population was further stratified on the basis of gender and qualification. The study leads by two general hypotheses: (1) Majority of Urban Pakistan, across the social and financial strata have negative image of USA. (2) The factors responsible for these negative images are based on legal and ethical ideals of sovereignty, freedom, equality, and constitutionalism. The study has to test these hypotheses in five selected areas: violation of Pakistan’s sovereignty, US policies towards Muslim world, US policies in Afghanistan, mounting Indo-US relations, and US aid to Pakistan. Results of the study show that the factor on which the image of USA was extremely negative is violation of Pakistan’s sovereignty. US policies towards Muslim world, the issue of Afghanistan and rising strategic ties with India especially after the end of cold war are not welcomed by the Pakistani masses and viewed the American image as negative but with less intensity as compared to the factor of violation of Pakistan’s sovereignty. Public supported the US aid program to Pakistan and viewed it as supportive for country’s frail and flimsy economy but at the same time also doubtful about on the political objective of US aid. The study also suggested ways to correct the image of USA in Pakistan in its recommendation, and do contain suggestions for future studies on the relevant theme.