اسلامی قیادت کے بنیادی اصول: سیرت نبویﷺ کی روشنی میں

In Islamic perspective leadership is a great feature and most important quality for achievement of national goals. Therefore, all kinds of national and organizational success are based up on quality of good leadership.  Every group, society, organization, state and even the world at large need good leadership who can lead their supporters and followers and organizations towards  successful physical and spiritual growth and development . It is also a fact that leadership is God gifted thing but we can enhance ability for eldership.  Leadership should not be confused with the role of only those who make headlines but in essence almost everyone have sometimes somewhere, somehow played a leading role. It is also a historical fact that the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was granted all kind of leadership and He established some important principles of Islamic leadership which are necessary to follow them for successful leadership. These principles are foundation of great achievements which are led by the Holy Prophet ﷺ. It is also observed that the Islamic Leadership principles practiced by the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and subsequently by his Caliphs and pious followers which if practiced will provide success principles equally useful both for Muslims and for non-Muslims minorities both in an Islamic state and society.  In this paper the efforts are made to elaborate the guiding principles of Islamic leadership in the light of the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

An Understanding of the Processes and Issues Involved in Developing Mathematical Thinking Among Pre-Service Teachers

The study examined the processes and issues involved in developing mathematical thinking among pre-service teachers. I conducted action research under the paradigm of qualitative research in one elementary college of education of Karachi. I worked with a whole class of pre-service teachers (with a focus on four participants) for five and a half weeks. I taught them nine lessons in four cycles of action research. I collected data through observation, semi-structured interviews, my reflective journal and pre-service teachers' work samples. The study indicates that problem-solving tasks, the environment of the classroom, instructional strategies and teacher educator attitude make a difference in pre-service teachers' learning of mathematics. Pre-service teachers had difficulties in the content area of mathematics, and they did not have a positive attitude towards mathematics. However, they gradually improved their mathematics skills and started journeying toward mathematical thinking. Besides the helping factors, there are some challenges as well; for example, low levels of self-confidence among students and their prior limited knowledge of mathematics.