ڈاکٹر عبدالستار صدیقی
افسوس ہے کہ ہماری علمی بزم کی ایک اہم یادگار ڈاکٹر عبدالستار صدیقی نے گزشتہ مہینے انتقال کیا، وہ اس دور کے مشہور فاضل اور نامور محقق تھے، ان کا موضوع عربی لسانیات تھا، اس کے متعلقات علم الاشتقاق، رسم الحظ حروف و اصوات وغیرہ پر ان کی نظر بڑی دقیق تھی اور اپنی تحریروں میں اس کا بڑا اہتمام رکھتے تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی علمی و تعلیمی خدمات میں گزری، مگر لکھتے کم تھے، انھوں نے غالباً متفرق مضامین کے علاوہ کوئی مستقل تصنیف یادگار نہیں چھوڑی، مگر ان کے یہ مضامین ان کی محققانہ نظر کا ثبوت ہیں، عرصہ ہوا الٰہ آباد ہونیورسٹی کے شعبۂ عربی و فارسی کی صدارت سے ریٹائر ہوئے تھے اور الٰہ آبادی ہی میں سکونت اختیار کرلی تھی، ایک زمانہ میں ہندوستانی اکیڈمی الٰہ آباد کے رکن رکین تھے، یونیورسٹیوں اور دوسری علمی مجالس میں ان کا بڑا وقار تھا، دارالمصنفین کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے بھی رکن تھے، ان کا رہن سہن تو جدید تھا، لیکن شرافت و وضعداری اور شفقت و محبت میں مشرق تہذیب کا نمونہ تھے، ادھر کئی سال سے بالکل معذور ہوگئے تھے، آخر میں ہوش و حواس نے بھی جواب دے دیا تھا، اسی حالت میں گزشتہ جولائی میں انتقال کیا، انتقال کے وقت ۸۷ سال کی عمر تھی، مسلمانوں میں ایسے محقق اب مشکل سے پیدا ہوں گے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی،اگست ۱۹۷۲ء)
Pakht┴n society has its own justice system which has different types of penalties and remedies to maintain the justice in the society. This study concentrates to investigate the nature of pecuniary punishment’s practice in distressing issues like killing, civil injuries and criminal offences. Perpetrators are punished to resolve the disputes. On one hand, this paper aims to find out answer to the methods of inflicting decisions in Pakht┴n’s cult and on other hand, to shed light on the legal status of arbitration regarding resolving such issues in the light of Qur’an and Sunnah. Study results illustrate that in some cases the offenders are charged in term of money to facilitate the victims, while in other cases both of the parties, perpetrators and victims, are called upon on meal for reconciliation of their dispute. Besides this, sometimes it is observed that the offenders are not only awarded pecuniary punishment but they are exiled as well.
Human body is very delicate towards harsh environmental variations. High energy UV radiations intentionally or unintentionally interact with our skin and eyes, causing some acute effect such as, photokeratitis, skin aging and also some chronic effects like melanoma skin cancer and DNA damage. Clothing is an important precautionary measure to combat with these damages, but low weight and high porosity of cotton fabric make it unfit for protection against UV rays. Hence, to improve the protection factor of white cotton fabric, computational approach was utilized to search the effective UV absorbers for cotton fabric. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) theory with three functionals was utilized to study the design molecules and results indicated that all the five design molecules (1-5) absorbed inthe UV region of the solar spectrum. These deigned molecules were synthesized via a condensation reaction and their structure confirmation attained through UV/Vis., FTIR and ESI-MS analysis. The theoretically calculated λmax and experimental λmax of all the five UV absorbers were in close agreement. The cottonfabric was treated with designed and synthesized UV absorbers via the exhaust method of dying and its processing conditions optimized by adapting a statistical design “central composite rotatable design” of response surface methodology. The outcomes directed that all the synthesized molecules showed 65-78 % exhaustion and 62-80 % fixation at the acquired optimized conditions. Maximum exhaustion with cotton fabric was presented by 1 and minimum shown by 5. The protection factor of the treated cotton fabric was assessed and results directed that the treated fabric with 1-4 fells in the very good Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) range at 3 % concentration while fabric treated with 5 fells in good range. The UPF increased as follows: 5 <4 < 2<3<1. Whiteness index test results revealed that all the synthesized molecules did not decrease the whiteness of the fabric as much at 3 % concentration, but after exposition to light fastness testing decreased its whiteness little bit as compared to standard. Washing test results indicated that UPF of treated fabric decreased after washing process, with UV absorbers (1-4), it remained in the very good range of UPF after ten washings. While the 5 showed more reduction in UPF value after washing. Degradation studies revealed that synthesized molecules were degradable by safer advance oxidation process technology. Current study opened a new prospect for search of such molecules having more persistent nature after laundry action.