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Study of Somaclonal Variation in Wheat for the Induction of Salinity Tolerance

Thesis Info

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Author

Saleem Akhtar

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Botany

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1965

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-07 19:11:35

ARI ID

1676727392241

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الفصل الثانی: الشعر الجديد في شبة القارۃ الهندية

الفصل الثانی: الشعر الجديد في شبة القارۃ الهندية

 أعطی(ألطاف حسين حالي) للشعر وبالخصوص للغزل الأردو الأسلوب الجدید، واستوعب النقاد من بعض التجارب والأقوال علی أن ’’ذلك شعر علی شکل نثر‘‘[1]، وحصلت اللغۃ الأردیۃ علی الأسلوب الجدید وبعض أنواع الشعر، وقد حصل الشعر الأردو علی الأسلوب المنفرد عند إقبال’’[2] فیہ التنوع والترفع أیضاً‘‘[3]۔
وظھرت بعض أنواع الشعر الجدید توضح وتعالج بعض مشاکل المجتمع في العصر الحاضر، ولکن شعراء العصر الحديث اھتموا بالمنظومات ومن أھمھم (فیض أحمد فيض)۔

 وقبل قیام باکستان کان للشعر دور کبیر في البحث عن طرق جدیدۃ والمساعدۃ في تشجیع المسلمین ضد الإحتلال والظلم، ولکن بعد قيام الباکستان تراجع الشعراء وتوقفوا عن التشجیع۔ والشاعر الکبیر الدکتور محمد إقبال کان رجلاً سیاسياً وعالماً کبیراً وقد لُقبَ بشاعر الشرق وکان فیلسوفاً مشھوراً وحصل علی شھادۃ الدکتوراہ، وُلد في 9 نوفمبر في 1877م ولہ أعمال أدبیۃ وسیاسیۃ وإجتماعیۃ رائعۃ، ولہ أشعار في اللغۃ الأردیۃ والفارسیۃ وکان لہ خبرۃ في اللغۃ العربیۃ ولہ عدۃ تصانیف منھا : (i)بال جبریل (ii) جاوید نامہ (iii)أسرار خودي، وقدم نظریۃ الباکستان وطنًا مستقلاً للمسلمين في الهند، وحصل علی شهادة السنۃ العاشرة في 1893م ثم علی الثانویۃ العامۃ في 1895م، وبعدھا حصل علی شھادۃ البکلوریوس في 1898م وحصل علی الماجستیر في الفلسفۃ في 1899م ثم سافر إلی انجلترا في عام 1905م، وبعدھا سافر إلی ألمانیا والتحق بجامعۃ میونخ وحصل علی شھادۃ الدکتوراۃ في عام 1907م من جامعۃ میونخ وقدم رسالۃ الدکتوراہ تحت عنوان (ارتقاء ما بعد الطبیعیات) ولہ أشعار ممتازة ومعروفۃ ، مثال علی ذلك۔

اوروں کا ہے پیام اور، میرا پیام اور ہے
عشق کے درد مند کا طرز کلام اور ہے
شمخ سحر کہہ گئی، سوز ہے زندگی کا راز
غمکدہ نمود میں...

IMPACT OF LEISURE ACTIVITIES ON WELL-BEING IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC SITUATION, A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY

Aims Of Study: During COVID-19 people were forced to stay home and this increased the risk of limiting their PA and adaptation of sedentary behaviour hence our objective is to measure the impact of leisure activities on well-being during COVID-19. Methodology: 366 participants were selected, using Non-probability convenient sampling from UOL and PGC. PA and well-being were assessed using IPAQ-short form and WHO-5 well-being questionnaire. Results: IPAQ-short form with well-being Pearson Chi square was 638.012, Spearman correlation was 0.956 and p-value Asymptotic significance (2 sided) was .000 which means there is positive strong correlation between variables. Limitations and Future Implication: Adults having ages 18-40yrs volunteered due to short time period and since our study limited to only 2 settings so to generalize our outcomes for mass population was not feasible. During lockdown gaining past medical history in data collection was impacted, it is suggested to include the role of Physiotherapist in improving health status by PA, create awareness among common population about role of PA and their relation with well-being also including diversity in age groups, ethnicity and localities is suggested. Originality: Strong positive correlation between PA and well-being. Conclusion: This study shows that during Covid-19 pandemic, those individuals who remained physically active had good impact on their health. Being physically active not only improves an individual’s physical fitness level but also helps to cope with psychological problems degrading one’s mental health so our study found out direct relation between physical activity levels and health status.

Purification, Characterization and Binding of Metals to Zinc Alpha 2-Glycoprotein Zag by Employing Various Techniques

In this thesis ―Purification, Characterization and Binding of Metals to Zinc Alpha 2-Glycoprotein (ZAG) by Employing Various Techniques‖ the development of several techniques were carried out to analyze the interaction of biologically important metals of Irving William Series. The expression and purification of the ZAG protein was also optimized for the preparation of samples. The folding to the native conformation was also carried out. That ZAG protein is present in almost all fluids of the body. Since the discovery of ZAG, several studies have been carried out. The importance of ZAG as an important biochemical agent is known long before. The growing number of literature since today demonstrates that it’s an important biomarker for the cancer cachexia, prostate cancer, lipid mobilizing agent and obesity suppressor. The crystal structure of ZAG reveals that the fold and distribution of domains are similar to the Major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) molecules. This class is known for their immune regulation and thus ZAG is believed as a central player in the immune system and cellular signaling. There is no clear evidence of ZAG participation in the cancerous conditions but over expression is dealt as a biomarker. The study shows that the ZAG interacts with several ligands. There interaction with metals is known for boosting the bioactivity of ZAG. Although, it’s believed long ago that the ZAG is an important protein that participate in several biochemical processes and little is known to understand the ligands bound conformations of ZAG with their targets like peptides and metals. In this current project, we were focused to get the good expression and purification procedure for the preparation of ZAG. The unnative aggregated fold of ZAG from the inclusion bodies was transformed into the native fold using refolding and dialysis method optimization. The introduction of histidine tag to the C-terminal and their successful removal by the Carboxypeptidase Y enzyme was also carried out. The results of the cleavage of histidine tag were evaluated with gel electrophoresis, Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. The confirmation of native fold and bioactivity was also confirmed from DAUDA binding affinity using fluorescence emission. The formation of metal complex of Irving William Series with ZAG and their respective complexation analysis was also studies using MALDI-TOF MS and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. xiii It was found that the ZAG has multiple binding sites that interact with metals even in the presence of DAUDA. The X-ray tube analysis using FPXRF shows that Fe (III) and Co (II) has similar concentration of atoms bound to ZAG molecules.