Honey is naturally sweet substance produced by honeybees from the nectar of plants or from secretions of living parts of plant. The composition and flavor of honey varies with the plant source of the nectar. A study was designed to explore the medicinal values of commercially available raw honey of different flora of Pakistan. Samples of honey from Acacia, Ziziphus, Citrus and Brassica were collected from different areas of Pakistan and evaluated for physicochemical properties including pH, acidity, moisture, HMF, diastase, sucrose, glucose, fructose and total sugars by using Official Methods of Analysis (AOAC). The trace elements and minerals (macro and micronutrients) were evaluated by using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer and Flame Emission spectrophotometer respectively. The levels of these nutrient were significantly different in all honey types. The pH of honey samples used in our study ranged from 3.30 – 6.56. It was observed that ash contents and electrical conductivity was higher for Ziziphus honey. The highest levels of K, Na, Fe and Ca were found whereas very low concentration of B was found in honey samples i.e. 0.11- 2.53μg/g. For the assessment of Bioactivity wound healing activity of honey was tested. The doses of different concentrations of honey on the basis of body weight of animals were applied locally against incision, excision, dead space and burn model of rats. All topical treatments produced a significant reduced in the period of epithelization and an increase in wound contraction in the excision model compared to the control while in the incision wound model there was a significant increase in the breaking strength of the wound. The antibacterial activity of honey was assessed against selected microorganisms causing wound infection. Quantification of microbial growth inhibition was determined by measuring the diameter of zones clear of microbial growth around the wells in the agar (including the xivwell). The mean inhibition zone diameter (mm) for Acacia, Ziziphus, Brassica and Citrus were 30.02 + 0.21, 29.35 + 0.26, 16.50 + 0.12 and 15.67 + 0.14 respectively. Agar dilution method was used to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC for different honeys was found to be significantly different from each other. The minimal inhibitory concentration of different honey samples of Acacia, Ziziphus, Brassica and Citrus were recorded as 7.65 + 0.47 % v/v, 7.66 + 0.46 % v/v, 9.21 + 0.42 % v/v and 9.02 + 0.66 % v/v respectively. Finally medicinal and economical values of honey were compared with other tradition medicines available in the market for the suitability of this natural product for the health purposes.
یوم ِ تکبیر نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم صاحب صدر معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے’’یوم تکبیر‘‘ تقدیر کے قاضی کا یہ فتویٰ ہے ازل سے ہے جرمِ ضعیفی کی سزا مرگِ مفاجات محترم صدر! یوم تکبیرکسی دن کا نام نہیں ،کسی قصہ وکہانی کا نام نہیں، کسی ناول و افسانے کا نام نہیں، کسی محو پرواز طائر کا نام نہیں ، آسمان کی رفعتوں کو چھونے والے فلک بوس پہاڑوں کا نام نہیں ، سر سبز و شاداب کھیتوں اور کھلیانوں کا نام نہیں یہ 22 کروڑ آبادی کی جرأت و بہادری کا نام ہے۔ محترم صدر! اس دنیاو مافیہا میں جو کچھ ہے وہ فنا ہونے والا ہے۔ سورج کی حرارت ختم ہو جائے گی۔ چاند کی چاندنی کا وجودنہ رہے گا۔ ستاروں کی چمک، پھولوں کی مہک،طائر انِ خوش الحان کی چہک، حشرات الارض میں زندگی کی دمک سب ختم ہوجائے گی۔ صاحبِ صدر! جب داعی اجل کو لبیک کہنے کا ایک وقت مقرر ہے، تو خوف کس بات کا ہے۔ پھرخطرہ کس بات کا، پھر حزن و غم کس بات کا، پھر پریشانی اور انار کی کس بات کی ہے۔ جری اور بہادر لوگ موت کے خوف کو سر پر سوارنہیں کرتے۔ بلکہ اپنے مخالفین اور اعداء کی آنکھوں میں آنکھیں ڈال کر بات کرتے ہیں۔ جس دھج سے کوئی مقتل میں گیا وہ شان سلامت رہتی ہے یہ جان تو آنی جانی ہے اس جاں کی تو کوئی بات نہیں معزز سامعین! رقبے کے لحاظ سے سب سے بڑے صوبہ بلوچستان میں چاغی کے مقام پر 28 مئی 1998ئ کو ہونے والا دھما کہ جہاں باسی پاکستان کے لیے تو یہ جاںفزاتھی۔...
Cannibalism (Akl-e-Mayyet) refers to the act or practice of humans, eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings i.e. Corpses. It is also termed as anthropophagy. A person who practices cannibalism is known as cannibal. In the recent past it was reported in the public media that two brothers from Bhakkar (Pakistan) were caught red handed practicing cannibalism. In the article under reference efforts have been made to highlight the status of human being from Islamic perspectve with special reference to their nourishment. This paper also emphasizes a critical study of the opinions of the Jurists regarding human cannibalism.
This thesis has endeavored to develop an entrepreneurial model for Pakistani SMEs. While developing the model, the author has benefited from the experiences of successful entrepreneurs engaged in commercial fast-food sector. The research was conducted through a survey instrument, adopted from the validated questionnaires of the previous research. The instrument included 29 items. This study had a sample size of 257 and these individuals were successful commercial fast-food entrepreneurs. Data collected through survey was statistically analyzed and linear and stepwise regressions were used to test the research hypotheses. The results show that essentially four factors namely culture and environment, resources, innovation and opportunity are main factors of the profitability and business success in this sector. Therefore, favorable synergies ensuring availability of these determinants are required for the promotion and growth of the SMEs which will in turn induce economic growth in economy. It is further argued that seeking economic growth through the growth of SMEs sector is most appropriate strategy given the labor-abundant and capital scarce nature of the economy. The proposed model is analyzed through statistical and econometric techniques. The results so obtained validates theoretical model. The innovation factor turns out to be the most important factor, hence, the study concludes that entrepreneurial success is highly influenced by innovative behavior of the entrepreneurs but being opportunistic, a suitable culture and environment and sufficient resources are also needed for the success of a commercial fast-food SMEs. Extending this result, to the whole SMEs sector, it is maintained that entire entrepreneurial sector could be activated for the benefit of the economy. The results of the thesis are in general in conformity of the other similar studies undertaken in the western countries. It is recommended to conduct similar studies on other Pakistani SMEs sectors by benchmarking this study and the findings of this study must be incorporated in the SMEs policies and guidelines.