Present work consists of study of β-Lactamase (BLase) inhibitory potential of phytochemicals from Apocynaceae & Compositae families and Ketophosph(on)ates. For this study; an easy, efficient & economical method was developed, used successfully and published. In this study, thirty two compounds were prepared and characterized by EIMS & 1 H-NMR. These compounds comprise of: Diethyl (2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) phosphonate(1), Diethyl [(E)-1-benzoyl-2-phenylvinyl] phosphonate(2), Diethyl[(E)- 1-benzoyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) vinyl] phosphonate(3), Diethyl [(1E,3E)-1-benzoyl-4- phenylbuta-1,3-dien-1-yl] phosphonate(4), Diethyl [(1E)-1-benzoyl-2-phenylprop-1- en-1-yl]phosphonate(5), Diethyl [(E)-1-benzoyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) vinyl] phosphonate(6), Diethyl benzyl phosphonate(7), Diethyl [2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)- 2-oxo-1-phenylethyl] phosphonate(8), Diethyl [(3E)-2-oxo-1,4-diphenylbut-3-en-1- yl] phosphonate(9), Diethyl(2-oxo-1,2-diphenylethyl) phosphonate(10), Diethyl (2,4- dioxo-1-phenylpentyl) phosphonate(11), Diethyl (2,4-dioxo-1,4-diphenylbutyl) phosphonate(12), Ethyl (diethoxyphosphoryl) acetate(13), Diethyl (oxiran-2- ylmethyl) phosphonate(14), Diethyl[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxiran-2-yl-2-oxoethyl] phosphonate(15), phosphonate(16), 6-Diethyl Diethyl [(3E)-1-oxiran-2-yl-2-oxo-4-phenylbut-3-en-1-yl] (1-oxiran-2-yl-2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) phosphonate(17), Diethyl (1-oxiran-2-yl-2,4-dioxopentyl) phosphonate(18), Diethyl (1-oxiran-2-yl-2,4- dioxo-4-phenylbutyl) phosphonate(19), Diethyl (2-nitrobenzyl) phosphonate(20), six derivatives (21-26) containing the Tetraethyl ethane-1,2-diylbis (phosphonate) motif, Diethyl methylphosphonate(27), phosphonate(28), Diethyl Diethyl Diethyl [2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl] [(3E)-2-oxo-4-phenylbut-3-en-1-yl] (2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) phosphonate(30), phosphonate(29), Diethyl(2,4-dioxopentyl) phosphonate(31) and Diethyl (2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutyl) phosphonate (32). Seventeen compounds showed BLase inhibition activity. The compounds 1, 12, 29 & 32 were found more active than Clavulanic acid (used as standard). Extraction and bioassay guided isolation of Cichorium intybus resulted in the purification and identification of ten compounds: [Lupeol (33), β-Sitosterol(34), p- hydroxy phenyl acetic acid(35), Isovanillic acid(36), Syringic acid(37), Vanillic acid(38), Esculetin(39), Scopoletin(40), Umbelliferone(41) and Kaempferol(42)]. Stigmasterol(43) was the only compound isolated from Ageratum conyzoides but six compounds: [Conessine(44), Kurchinin(45), Conimine(46), Kurchamine(47), Holaromine(48) & Kurchessine(49)] were extracted from Holarrhena antidysenterica. viiiHowever two compounds: [Lupeol(32) & Campesterol(50)], were extracted from Carissa opaca while Quercetin(51) & Kaempferol(42) were isolated from Alstonia scholaris. β-Sitosterol(34), α-Amyrin(52) & Ursolic acid(53) came out of Calotropis procera. All the phytochemicals were subject to BLase inhibition study. In general these phytochemicals showed poor activity however Kurchamine(47), Holaromine(48) and Quercetine(51) were relatively more active in this respect.
ﷺ آپؐ کا نقشِ پا مل گیا یانبیؐ! مل گئی ہم کو راہِ خدا یانبی!ؐ آپؐ کی ذاتؐ نورِ ہدیٰ یانبی!ؐ صدقۂ نورِ غارِ حرا یانبیؐ! وادیِ قلب ہو پُر ضیا یانبیؐ! ’’دو جہاں آپؐ پر ہیں فدا یانبیؐ!‘‘ میں نہایت ہی ہوں پُر خطا یانبیؐ! ہوں مگر اُمتی آپؐ کا یانبیؐ! آپؐ ہیں رحمتِ دوسَرَا یانبیؐ! آپؐ کی نسبتوں کا صلہ یانبیؐ! بخش دے کاش مجھ کو خدا یانبیؐ! ’’دو جہاں آپؐ پر ہیں فدا یانبیؐ!‘‘ حسنِ مطلق کی کامل ادا دیکھ کر مظہرِ نورِ ذاتِ خدا دیکھ کر تیرگی میں ضیا ہی ضیا دیکھ کر قبر میں چہرۂ واضحی دیکھ کر میرے ہونٹوں پہ ہو برملا ؛ یانبیؐ! ’’دو جہاں آپؐ پر ہیں فدا یانبیؐ!‘‘
حضرتِ موسیٰ ٹھہرے کلیمِ خدا ابنِ مریم کا دستِ مسیحا شفا سب پہ رب کا کرم سب پہ رب کی عطا خوب سے خوب تر عظمتِ انبیا آپؐ ٹھہرے حبیبِ خدا یانبیؐ! ’’دو جہاں آپؐ پر ہوں فدا یانبیؐ!‘
چشمِ ’’مازاغ‘‘ کی نعمتیں مل گئیں ’’قاب قوسین‘‘ کی قربتیں مل گئیں ربِّ کونین کی چاہتیں مل گئیں آپؐ کو عرش کی رفعتیں مل گئیں آپؐ پر خاص رب کی عطا یانبیؐ! ’’دو جہاں آپؐ پر ہوں فدا یانبیؐ!‘‘
کس طرح ذاتِ رب ہم پہ راضی ہوئی آپؐ راضی تو تب ہم پہ راضی ہوئی آپؐ ہی کے سبب ہم پہ راضی ہوئی آپؐ کی ذات جب ہم پہ راضی ہوئی ہم پہ راضی ہوا تب خدا یانبیؐ! ’’دو جہاں آپؐ پر ہوں فدا یانبیؐ!‘
This paper deals with the rights of abandoned children in the context of Pakistani society. The main issue is regarding legal status of such children which results in violation of their rights. Islamic law provides for rules for abandoned children which can be provided as a source for legislation in Pakistan. The paper argues that there is a need to formulate a clear legislation to ensure rights and protection of abandoned children. Currently the laws enacted in Pakistan lack provisions related to abandoned children. On the one hand the solutions like adoption/kafalah should be channelized and regularized and on the other hand serious efforts should be made to create awareness regarding rights of abandoned children among the masses. This is a comparative study which discusses and analyses relevant provisions in Islamic as well as Pakistani law.
Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] belongs to the family Poaceae which is one of the most tolerant and widely distributed turf and fodder grasses. It has cosmopolitan nature and specific adaptations to a variety of environmental hazards. Naturally adapted populations of C. dactylon from different regions of the Punjab, Pakistan were established in the study area, Old Botanic Garden, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad in normal (nonsaline) and saline soil. Experiment for salt stress (0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) was arranged in two factor factorial (ecotypes and salt levels) in a completely randomized design (CRD) with ten replications in hydroponic system with half-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD for comparison of mean values of the data was statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel, Minitab statistical software and Redundancy Analysis (RDA) technique. Correlation coefficient was drawn between morphoagronomical, anatomical and physio-biochemical characteristics. Overall salt stress decreased shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot length, number of tillers Plant-1, number of roots Plant-1, number of leaves Plant-1, flag leaf area, internode length, number of stomata, stomatal size, epidermal thickness, phloem area, net CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll contents. However increasing effect of salt stress was observed on root length, sclerenchymatous thickness, aerenchyma cells, cortical cell area, metaxylem area, bulliform cell area, trichomes length and density, stomatal conductance water use efficiency, accumulation of Na+ and Cl- along with Ca2+, proline, glycine betaine, total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Of all ecotypes, Derawar fort saline desert (DF-SD) ecotype and Pakanna-hyper saline (PA-HS) ecotypes accomplished better under high salinities than their counterparts from the moderately saline Kalar Kahar lake saline (KKL-S) and Pakanna reclaimed field (PA-RF) and least saline Muzaffargarh river bank (M-RB) and Botanical garden (BG-NS). All the ecotypes on the basis of shoot biomass production, root growth and various physio-biochemical and anatomical features, can be rated according to their degree of salt tolerance as DF-SD>PAHS> UL-HS>KL-HS>KKL-S>S-HS>S-SW>PA-RF>T-W>M-RB>BG-NS. In conclusion, all ecotypes adopt very specific strategy/mechanism to cope high salinities, which indicates the change in their genetic makeup during long evolutionary history.