The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of various induced molting methods on egg performance and health of leghorn hens which include livability and disease incidences, and economic impact on White leghorn layers.For this purpose, Five Hundred Ten hens were subject into two rearing systems i.e.floor rearing system (FS) and cage rearing system (CS). Each experimental system was randomly divided into five equal treatment groups and each treatment group consisted of three replicates. The first treatment group served as control and was fed on layer diet (CF), while the induced molting was done in other groups according to the following plan. Group B was provided with low energy feed with turmeric (LEFT), C was treated with feed withdrawal (FW), group D with low energy feed with aluminum sulphate (LEFA) and group E with low energy feed (LEF), respectively. After first production cycle (70th week) reared birds were inspected for production performance, egg quality, hematology, intestinal morphology and economics. Results obtained revealed that during induced molting period maximum body weight loss was recorded in FW treatment, followed by LEFT, LEFA, LEF and CF treatment groups in both systems. Higher body weight was observed in control and lower in feed withdrawal method during post molt stage. Feed intake was significantly higher in LEFT treatment group than control diet. Significantly (P<0.05) higher egg production was recorded in LEFT treatment group than LEF and CF treatments throughout the production period in cage and floor system. Better feed efficiency was noted in LEFT and poor in CF treatment groups. Hen house and hen day egg production was significantly (P<0.05) higher in LEFT and lower in control treatment groups. Higher mortality rate was observed in feed withdrawal and lower in LEFT treatments in cage and floor housing system. Egg weight, shell thickness, shell weight and Haugh unit score were significantly (P<0.05) increased in turmeric treatment. Non-significant difference was observed among the groups for albumin weight, yolk weight, egg length, egg width and egg pH. The dressing percentage and relative weight of visceral and non-visceral organs showed significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatment groups during induced molt period, but difference was non-significant during post molt period. The abdominal fat, spleen weight, length and weight of intestine were significantly affected by treatments during post molting stage. Villus height was higher in control feed treatment during induced molting stage. However, intestinal morphology was significantly improved in LEFT group than other treatments and control feed group during post molting period. The hematological parameters showed significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatment during induced molting except packed cell volume which was non-significant, while during post molting stage non-significant (P>0.05) difference was noted for RBCs, WBCs, and hemoglobin but PCV showed significant difference. The higher RBCs level was recorded in FW and lower in LEF treatment during induced molting stage. Hemoglobin concentration was maximum in FW and minimum in CF treatment during induced molting stage. Furthermore, hemoglobin level was maximum in LEFA treatment and minimum for control feed treatment during post molting period. Minimum packed cell volume was recorded for LEFT treatment and maximum in full feed treatment during induce molting. WHEREAS, data showed that higher PCV was recorded in LEFT and lower for LEFA treatment. T3 and T4 hormone concentration was higher in full feed than other groups. Significantly higher values of T3 hormone was recorded in FW treatment and lower for control feed treatment during molting period. However, maximum T4 hormone level was recorded in FW treatment and lower for CF treatment, respectively at induce molting period. Economics of experimental birds showed that maximum net profit was earned from the LEFT and minimum from control feed treatment. It was concluded from present findings that molting with turmeric method showed better production performance and better economic return than other methods of treatment groups.
In our contemporary world the role of bank has increased manifold. Banks whether it be traditional or Islamic play a pivotal role in the economic life of a nation. In fact, modern banks are instrumental in shaping destiny of nations and thus are responsible for the growth and development of societies. Banks perform multiple functions such as safeguard people’s wealth, create jobs, provide capital for new ventures, generate investment opportunities and enhance business environment. Modern banks are the main source of circulation of money leading to wealth multiplication in the national economy. Parallel to traditional banking there exists Islamic banking system which not only prohibits interest but lays emphasis on cent percent obedience to the laws and injunctions laid down by Islamic principles. Islamic bank forbids money earn through nefarious means and allows only permissible means according to the principles of shariah. The Islamic banking system is based on principles beneficial to the society as well guarantees stability and better prospects for the people of a country. In modern times the role of institutions like banks has grown to such an extent that their existence has become inevitable for socio-economic survival and progress.
Skin wound impairment is an emerging global public healthcare challenge due to high mortality rate. It needs a comprehensive therapeutic approach for faster healing by regulating respective cellular responses and signalling cascades, which involved in healing mechanism. Post-burn skin injuries raises serotonin content at skin tissue level. This raised level is an indication about its potential role in skin healing process. Serotonin (5-HT) is important biochemical mediator and neurotransmitter that induce cellular effects through membrane bound serotonergic G-protein coupled receptor interactions. Therefore, this research dissertation was designed to investigate the role of serotonin via serotonin receptor 1A and 2A interactions in therapeutic perspective for skin wound healing by employing thermal and excisional wound injury models. Primarily, effect of serotonin has been analyzed on human neonatal keratinocytes and fibroblasts, through in vitro assays. In vitro experimental results demonstrated that serotonin treatment enhanced the cell survival (viability), proliferation and cell migration in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, whereas decreased the apoptosis. In vivo investigations based upon thermal and excisional injury model, analyzed wound healing process through immunohistochemical staining for various markers for epidermis and dermis. Results revealed that serotonin (endogenous) improved the wound healing process in control as compared to fluoxetine and ketanserin groups that exhibiting poor re-epithelisation, big wound area, delayed differentiation phase, consequently exhibited poor wound healing outcomes. Further investigations on 5-HTR1A knockout model showed impaired healing mainly due to disturbed inflammatory phase because of 5-HTR1A deficiency. Additionally, topical treatment of 5-HT1A receptor agonist in excisional injury significantly decrease the wound size, wound cellularity and ix improved the healing process in another excisional wound injury mice model. Furthermore, blocking serotonin receptor 5-HT2A interaction also exerted deleterious effects on wound healing, highlighting the importance of serotonin via 5-HT2A receptor during skin healing. Therefore, current research study revealed that serotonin acts as growth promoter by enhancing cell proliferation in skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes and imparted positive effects on skin healing by inducing cellular stimulation via 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. These results signify the potential of serotonin as an important therapeutic candidate to improve post-thermal and post-excisional skin wound healing.