The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of various induced molting methods on egg performance and health of leghorn hens which include livability and disease incidences, and economic impact on White leghorn layers.For this purpose, Five Hundred Ten hens were subject into two rearing systems i.e.floor rearing system (FS) and cage rearing system (CS). Each experimental system was randomly divided into five equal treatment groups and each treatment group consisted of three replicates. The first treatment group served as control and was fed on layer diet (CF), while the induced molting was done in other groups according to the following plan. Group B was provided with low energy feed with turmeric (LEFT), C was treated with feed withdrawal (FW), group D with low energy feed with aluminum sulphate (LEFA) and group E with low energy feed (LEF), respectively. After first production cycle (70th week) reared birds were inspected for production performance, egg quality, hematology, intestinal morphology and economics. Results obtained revealed that during induced molting period maximum body weight loss was recorded in FW treatment, followed by LEFT, LEFA, LEF and CF treatment groups in both systems. Higher body weight was observed in control and lower in feed withdrawal method during post molt stage. Feed intake was significantly higher in LEFT treatment group than control diet. Significantly (P<0.05) higher egg production was recorded in LEFT treatment group than LEF and CF treatments throughout the production period in cage and floor system. Better feed efficiency was noted in LEFT and poor in CF treatment groups. Hen house and hen day egg production was significantly (P<0.05) higher in LEFT and lower in control treatment groups. Higher mortality rate was observed in feed withdrawal and lower in LEFT treatments in cage and floor housing system. Egg weight, shell thickness, shell weight and Haugh unit score were significantly (P<0.05) increased in turmeric treatment. Non-significant difference was observed among the groups for albumin weight, yolk weight, egg length, egg width and egg pH. The dressing percentage and relative weight of visceral and non-visceral organs showed significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatment groups during induced molt period, but difference was non-significant during post molt period. The abdominal fat, spleen weight, length and weight of intestine were significantly affected by treatments during post molting stage. Villus height was higher in control feed treatment during induced molting stage. However, intestinal morphology was significantly improved in LEFT group than other treatments and control feed group during post molting period. The hematological parameters showed significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatment during induced molting except packed cell volume which was non-significant, while during post molting stage non-significant (P>0.05) difference was noted for RBCs, WBCs, and hemoglobin but PCV showed significant difference. The higher RBCs level was recorded in FW and lower in LEF treatment during induced molting stage. Hemoglobin concentration was maximum in FW and minimum in CF treatment during induced molting stage. Furthermore, hemoglobin level was maximum in LEFA treatment and minimum for control feed treatment during post molting period. Minimum packed cell volume was recorded for LEFT treatment and maximum in full feed treatment during induce molting. WHEREAS, data showed that higher PCV was recorded in LEFT and lower for LEFA treatment. T3 and T4 hormone concentration was higher in full feed than other groups. Significantly higher values of T3 hormone was recorded in FW treatment and lower for control feed treatment during molting period. However, maximum T4 hormone level was recorded in FW treatment and lower for CF treatment, respectively at induce molting period. Economics of experimental birds showed that maximum net profit was earned from the LEFT and minimum from control feed treatment. It was concluded from present findings that molting with turmeric method showed better production performance and better economic return than other methods of treatment groups.
پاکستان جیسے ملک میں پولیس کی سستی اور عدم تعاون کا مرکز عمومی طور پر حدودمقدمات ہوتے ہیں ۔ پھر ان مقدمات کا دعویٰ بہت تاخیر سے دائر ہوتا ہے ۔ پھر بہت زیادہ تاخیر سے ان مقدمات کے کیس عدالتوں میں لگتے ہیں اور بآلاخر ان مقدمات کے فیصلے بھی بہت سالوں بعد ہوتے ہیں ۔اس کی بنیادی وجہ پولیس کی سستی ، رشوت کی عادات ، وکلاء کا عدم تعاون اور ججز کی تعداد کا کم ہونا ہے۔ پاکستانی معاشرہ اس وقت جرائم کا گڑھ بن چکا ہے ۔ روزاانہ کی بنیاد پر کافی زیادہ جرائم رپورٹ بھی ہوتے ہیں اور ان کی FIR بھی درج ہو تی ہیں ۔پھر یہ مقدمات عدلیہ کے سامنے پیش ہو تے ہیں ۔ اس طرح حدود وقصاص کے مقدمات سالوں تک چلتے ہیں۔ اس کے علاوہ اداروں کے آپس میں مربوط نہ ہونے کی وجہ سے حدود وقصاص کے مقدمات کو غلط طریقے سے نمٹایا جا تا ہے۔ وقت پر انصاف نہ ملنے کی وجہ سے مظلو م اور متضرر اپنے عدالتی نظام سے اور انصاف نہ ملنے پر ریاست سے بھی بد ظن ہو جاتے ہیں ۔
The Arabic language is being taught in Islamic educational institutes of the sub-continent for many decades. Their prime teaching style, with their significant, vital role in teaching Arabic to none native speakers could not be neglected. This article is a short description of madaris's role, in Arabic teaching, especially in the Endo Pak subcontinent. It is a deep analysis of Madaras discourse in Arabic language teaching with a critical study of its curriculum's beneficial aspects. The article gives a valuable comparison between traditional and none traditional education methods in the regular system of Madaris as well as a valuable discussion of the wifaq( approved by HEC) Curriculum with its feature values and plans, which have been adopted with time. Moreover, it suggests some innovative modern means and applications to up-to-date many of the additional resources.
This study was conducted in one of the government secondary schools in Karachi. The purposes of this study were; a) to find out the existing teaching practice of social studies and its implications for learning in government secondary school; b) to explore the possibility of introducing cooperative learning as an alternate instructional approach in teaching social studies; and c) to understand the challenges which teachers face while introducing cooperative learning in social studies classrooms in government school. The study was divided into three parts. The first part dealt with an analysis of the existing practice of teaching of social studies. The second part focused on the introducing cooperative learning in the social studies classroom. The third part has related to identifying the potential constrains that affected the implementation of cooperative learning. An effort was also made to identify possibilities and constrains related to the implementation of cooperative learning in the government school. The findings of study suggest that the teachers found cooperative learning helpful in developing students' higher order thinking and social skills. The students were also able to work effectively in groups in order to share their ideas which served as a source of peer learning. This study further suggests that teachers need an adequate orientation in cooperative learning and strong school management support in order to introduce cooperative learning effectively in the government school.