This research work comprises of the synthesis of quinazoline derivatives and evaluation of their in vitro biological activities. The chemical structures of synthetic compounds were characterized by several spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, EI-MS, and HREI-MS. Melting points and Rf values were also taken. This dissertation is divided into two chapters based on literature survey and research findings. Each chapter has its own compound numberings and references. Chapter 1 This chapter deals with the extensive literature survey on the heterocyclic compounds; especially quinazolines, their biological importance and synthetic protocols; several biological activities which were carried out on synthetic compounds; and research plan. Chapter 2 This chapter deals with the syntheses of compounds 3-27, 32-55, 59-82, 86-125, 129-155, 158, 161-184, 187-210, and 213-236 and evaluation of their various in vitro bioactivities. Compounds 4-7 and 9-27 were found to have several hundred folds better inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase, when compared to the standard drug, acarbose. For the β-glucuronidase inhibition, compounds 3-6, 10, 11, 13-17, 19-21, 23-27 showed better activity than the standard, D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone. Compounds 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, and 19 selectively displayed thymidine phosphorylase inhibition. For xanthine oxidase inhibition, compound 13 showed the activity similar to the standard, allopurinol. Compound 19 showed better activity than the standard, EDTA against phosphodiesterase inhibition. Compounds 3, 17, 23, and 24 demonstrated weak inhibitory potential against carbonic anhydrase inhibition. Compounds 38 and 51 exhibited the best activity against leishmaniasis when compared to standard, pentamidine. Compounds 4, 6, 7, 12, 16, 17, 19, 59, 66, 74, 76, 78, and 80 showed weak activity for the pancreatic β-cell viability studies. Compounds 6, 13, and 25 showed excellent superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. Compounds 88, 91, 102, 103, 119, 133, 137, 144, and 153 were found to have better anti-inflammatory potential than the standard drug, ibuprofen. All synthetic compounds were found to be inactive for α-chymotrypsin, dipeptidyl peptidase, and urease inhibitions, and antiglycation studies.
قاضی عبدالغفار افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ ہماری پرانی علمی و تہذیبی بزم کی ایک اور روشن شمع خاموش ہوگئی، اور قاضی عبدالغفار صاحب نے موت و حیات کی طویل کشمکش کے بعد ۱۷؍ جنوری کو انتقال کیا، وہ ہماری بزم کہن کی اہم یادگار، حکیم اجمل خاں کے ندیم خاص، مولانا محمد علی کے ہمدم و ہمراز، مولانا ابوالکلام کے ہم نشین، ایک تجربہ کار صحافی اور صاحبِ طرز ادیب تھے، چمنستانِ ادب اور خارزار صحافت دونوں میں ان کے قلم کی روانی یکساں تھی اور طنز لطیف میں تو آپ اپنی مثال تھے، ہماری زبان میں ان کے ’’ہلکے ہلکے اشارے‘‘ طنز و ظرافت کے شرارے اور اردو ادب کے شہ پارے ہوتے تھے۔ وہ پرانے قوم پرست اور وطن پرور تھے، ترک موالات اور خلافت کی تحریکوں میں سرگرمی سے حصہ لیا، اس کے بعد بھی صحافت کے دائرے کے اندر ایک عر صہ تک ملکی سیاست میں حصہ لیتے رہے اور مختلف اوقات میں کلکتہ، دہلی اور حیدرآباد سے مختلف اخبارات جمہود، صباح اور پیام نکالے، ہمدرد میں مولانا محمد علی مرحوم کے دستِ راست تھے، ۱۹۲۲ء میں دوسرے وفد خلافت کے سکریٹری کی حیثیت سے لندن گئے تھے، ان کی کتاب نقش فرنگ اس سفر کا دلآویز مرقع ہے، وہ فطری ادیب تھے، ان کی کوئی تحریر ادب کی چاشنی سے خالی نہ ہو تی تھی، انجمن ترقی اردو کے دوبارہ قیام کے بعد اس کے جنرل سکریٹری ہوگئے تھے، بلکہ پہلی انجمن کے خاتمہ کے بعد دوبارہ ان ہی نے اس کو زندہ کیا تھا، اور اسکے ذریعہ آخر دم تک اردو کے لیے لڑتے رہے، اس صوبہ میں اردو کو جو حقوق بھی ملے ہیں اس میں انجمن کو بڑا دخل ہے۔ قاضی صاحب میں جدت و قدامت کا بڑا لطیف امتزاج تھا، وہ خیالات میں ترقی پسند تھے، لیکن...
Management of Islamic education in pesantren needs to return to its historical roots in order to confirm the identity, character, distinctiveness and uniqueness. There is a spirit that is timeless, even the underlying model of ideal education in the contemporary era. Development of Islamic epistemology for education should be able to give birth to a generation of Muslims who worships in the field of religion and experts in the field of science and technology. Pesantren as an educational institution of Islam with a good management should be able to play its role to achieve this goal. Whereas in fact there who think that pesantren have not been able to put its strategic position in the development of science in accordance with the times. Nevertheless, the existence of Islamic educational institutions such as pesantren is evidence that pesantren have been organized in a good management so that it can survive in changing times from time to time. More precisely knowing Islamic education management in pesantren from the perspective of epistemology may illustrate that pesantren will continue to be needed to confront the changing times.
In ethno pharmacological systems the plants used for cancer treatment were poorly reported. A search was needed to explore the plants used for inflammations, skin disorders, diseases related to blood, immune systems and microbial infections. Since the symptoms of cancer are closely related to these diseases. In present study, plants (Anethum graveolens, Ricinus communis, Tribulus terrestris, Sonchus asper, Carthamus oxycantha, Capparis aphylla, Calotropis procera, Amaranthus viridis, Alhagi maurorum, Solanum nigrum, Achyranthes aspera) were selected by an ethno pharmacological survey and their methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts were tested for their anticancer potential by using potato disc assay. Their phytochemical investigation was also conducted. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was determined by DPPH assay and it was observed that extracts having high antioxidant activity also possessed good percent inhibition against tumor induction. The plant extracts were subjected for HPLC analysis to investigate the phenolic acids. Almost all plants extracts showed percent inhibition against tumor induction. Ricinus communis was found to possess highest anticancer potential and antioxidant activity. Although the total flavonoids of ethanol extract of Ricinus communis was maximum but the methanol extract had miximum anticancer potential with percent inhibition as 88.36% at minimum extract concentration. It had maximum total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis of methanol extract of Ricinus communis had maximum phenolic acids.