A facile methodology was developed which involved multicomponent single pot reaction which yielded the synthesis of highly functionalized 5-arylidene barbiturates/thiobarbiturates (158a – 166a), (158b – 167b), tricyclic-heterocycle compounds (158c – 163c) (158d – 164d), pyrimido[4,5‐d][1,3]diazine (170a – 173b), (170b – 174b) and pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐6‐carboximidate, (176 – 181) and in good yields (60-95%). The discovered novel methodology involved sequential multicomponent reactions; consisting of Knoevenagel reaction followed by Michael addition; moreover, the proposed mechanism is consistent with the stepwise methodology which also availed the same tricyclic heterocycle compounds (158c – 163c) and (158d – 164d). In-silico (α glucosidase inhibitory studies) and in-vitro biological evaluation was extensively performed for synthesized tricyclic and bicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Tricyclic heterocycle compounds (158c – 163c) and (158d – 164d) showed excellent interacting affinity with receptor protein (PDB ID: 3A47) which were further complemented and confirmed through in-vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory studies which were found to be comparable with standard acarbose. Whereas, 160c 160d, 162d and 171b exhibited IC50 value (111.8, 99.4, 108.7, 121.4 µmol/L) as compared to standard acarbose (135.6 µmol/L) making them excellent α-glucosidase inhibition candidates among the lot. Furthermore, all the freshly synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antibacterial, and antioxidant studies, which revealed that all these compounds show mild bacteriostatic properties at 200 µM concentration against 105 CFU/200 µL of three bacterial strains; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, while compounds (159d, 160d, 161d, 163c, 163d) are found more potent antioxidants than the standard ascorbic acid. viii The barbituric acid derivatives (158a-165a) are less toxic as compared to the thiobarbituric derivatives (158b- 165b). Cheminformatics and docking score also supported that arylidene barbiturates and their derivatives follow the Lipinski rule due to which they would be excellent candidates as antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors.
مولانا مسعود علی ندوی افسوس ہے گزشتہ ماہ اگست کی۲۷ کومولانا مسعود علی صاحب ندوی اسّی (۸۰) برس کی عمر میں کئی سال کی علالت و ازکار رفتگی کے بعد رہ گزائے عالم جادوانی ہوگئے۔مرحوم ندوۃ العلما کے فارغ التحصیل اورمولانا شبلی کے تلامذہ میں سے تھے۔دارالمصنفین اعظم گڑھ جو آج ایشیا کاعظیم الشان اسلامیات کاادارہ ہے اُس کے علمی سربراہ اورروح رواں اگر مولانا سید سیلمان ندوی تھے توتنظیمی اور تعمیری حیثیت سے مرحوم اس کے میرکارواں تھے۔ قدرت نے انھیں انتظامی صلاحیتیں اعلیٰ درجہ کی بخشی تھیں اورانھوں نے ان صلاحیتوں کودارالمصنفین کے لیے وقف کردیا تھا۔چنانچہ ادارہ کی مطبوعات کی اعلیٰ کتابت وطباعت، اُس کی شاندار اورخوشنما تعمیرات اورکاروباری حیثیت سے اُس کاخودکفیل ہونا، یہ سب مرحوم کی کوششوں اورحسن سلیقہ وانتظام کانتیجہ ہے۔یوں بھی بڑے خوش مزاج، مہمان نوازاور موقع شناس انسان تھے۔ملک کے مشہور ہندومسلم زعماسے ان کے گہرے تعلقات تھے۔ ادھر چند برسوں سے مسلسل علالت کے باعث عضو معطل سے ہوگئے تھے۔ لیکن جب تک دارالمصنفین قائم ہے اُن کانام زندہ اورروشن رہے گا۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ انھیں مغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ [اکتوبر۱۹۶۷ء ]
The study aims to analyze impact of Lady Health Worker program on use of maternal health services in community with a lady health worker. The main focus was the rural districts of Sindh for this case study. The maternal health service is determined by at least four Antenatal care (ANC) visits provided to mother and receipt of at least two Tetanus Toxoid (TT) injections to mother during pregnancy. These have direct impact on maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate. Secondary data pertaining to all districts of Sind for three years (2017-2019) was collected from the Sindh Lady Health Worker program office Hyderabad for analysis purpose. Further secondary data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18) was also used to see the impact of intervention of LHW program implemented by Ministry of Health Pakistan in 1994 and then devolved to provinces after the implementation of 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2010. The study found that the services provided by the lady health workers in communities in these districts has positively influenced the uptake of maternal health services as determined by the variables like antenatal visits by pregnant mothers to nearest health facilities and receipt of Tetanus Toxoid injection during pregnancy.
Bacterial genus Salmonella causes food borne illness called Salmonellosis. It is characterized by
the typhoid fever and gastroenteritis. Sources of Salmonella are poultry, egg, egg based food
items, meat etc. It is the major zoonotic pathogen distributed worldwide and is the major cause of
food borne disease in developing countries like Pakistan. Due to their low price, good taste and
nutritious importance people prefer poultry products especially eggs. Salmonella cause a lot of
problems to public health that result in economic consequences in worldwide. To investigate the
prevalence of Salmonella 240 samples were collected across District Mianwali. Out of 240,
eighty samples were of commercial eggs, eighty were of non-commercial eggs and eighty were of
egg storing tray samples collected from local markets and house farms of District Mianwali.
Selective media used for Salmonella was Hektoen enteric agar. Incidence of Salmonella in egg shells was 32.5% and 27.5%, in egg content was 15% and 12.5% and in egg storing trays was
40% and 32.5% in samples of commercial eggs, non-commercial egg samples and samples of
trays used for egg storage that were collected from local markets and house farms respectively.
Salmonella prevalence was highest in tray samples and lowest in samples of egg content in both
sampling sites. Salmonella prevalence in albumin and yolk was 15%, 12.5% and 10%, 5% in egg
content of commercial eggs and non-commercial eggs respectively. Overall Salmonella
contamination in local market samples and house farm samples was 29.17% and 24.17%
respectively. The Salmonella prevalence in samples of house farms was lower than the local
markets samples collected across Mianwali District.