This dissertation has been divided into four chapters and each chapter has its own numbering of compounds and references. General introduction related to the importance of natural products and natural product based drugs, drug designing and value of lead molecules in drug designing. This research work describes synthesis and bioactivities of different class of heterocycles such as thiazole, oxadiazole and indole analogs in search of important therapeutic agents. During this research study, a variety of thiazole, oxadiazole and indole analogs were synthesized and screened for enzyme inhibition studies (thymidine phosphorylase, α-glucosidase, urease and β-glucuronidase activities). The results obtained from this study are encouraging which are discussed separately in the forthcoming chapters 1, 2 and 3. In the first chapter, thiazole analogs are described. In the thiazole series, sixteen analogs (1-16) were synthesized and evaluated for thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory potential. Out of sixteen analogs, nine analogs such as analogs 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 15 showed good phosphorylase inhibitory potentials when compared with the standard 7-Deazaxanthine. The remaining seven analogs showed moderate to good activity. In 2nd chapter, oxadiazole analogs are described. Sixteen analogs (1-16) of oxadiazole were synthesized and evaluated for thymidine phosphorylase activity. Out of sixteen analogs, fourteen analogs such as analogs 1-7 and 9-15 showed excellent thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory potentials which is many folds better than the standard 7-Deazaxanthine. Analog 16 showed good inhibitory potential while analog 8 remain inactive among the series. In chapter third, three series of indole are described. In first series, We have synthesized thirty-two (32) bis-indolylmethane analogs (1-32) with varying degree of β-glucuronidase inhibition potential ranging in between 0.10 ± 0.01 to 48.50 ± 1.10 μM when compared with the standard drug D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (IC50 value 48.30 ± 1.20 μM). All of thirty-two analogs 1-32, showed outstanding β-glucuronidase inhibitory potentials. In second series, eighteen derivatives (1-18) of bis-indolylmethane thiosemicarbazide were synthesized and evaluated for their urease inhibitory potential. These derivatives displayed varying degree of inhibition in the range of 0.14 ± 0.01 to 18.50 ± 0.90 μM when compared with the standard inhibitor thiourea having an IC50 value 21.25 ± 0.90 μM. All derivatives showed outstanding urease inhibitory potentials which are many folds better than the standard thiourea. In third series, twenty one analogs of tris-indole hybrid scaffold with oxadiazole ring (1-21) were synthesized and evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. All compounds displayed superior α-glucosidase inhibitory activities having IC50 value in the range of 2.00 ± 0.01-292.40 ± 3.16 μM as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 895.09 ± 2.04 μM). In chapter four, procedures for different biological assay are described.
محدث العصر مولانا حبیب الرحمن الاعظمی محدث العصر مولانا حبیب الرحمن الاعظمی عرصہ سے موت و حیات کی کشمکش میں گرفتار تھے، راقم ۲۳؍ فروری کو مرکزی جمعیۃ اہل حدیث ہند کے امیر مولانا مختار احمد ندوی حفظ اﷲ کی دعوت پر کلیۃ فاطمۃ الزہرا کے سالانہ جلسہ میں شرکت کے لیے مؤ گیا تو مولانا الاعظمی کی عیادت کے لئے بھی حاضر ہوا لیکن ڈاکٹروں نے ملنے جلنے پر سخت پابندی لگا رکھی تھی، میری خواہش پر صاحب زادہ محترم مولانا رشید احمد صاحب نے دید و زیارت کا موقع مہیا کردیا لیکن اس وقت محدث کبیر نہ بات چیت کرتے تھے اور نہ آنکھیں کھولتے تھے، چند روز بعد مولانا رشید احمد صاحب نے خط سے اطلاع دی کہ اب بھی وہی کیفیت ہے بلکہ صحت مزید خراب ہوتی جارہی ہے، میں پھر عیادت کے لیے جانا چاہتا تھا کہ ۱۱؍ رمضان المبارک کو حادثہ جانکاہ کی اطلاع آگئی، اِناﷲ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔ محدث العصر نے طویل عمر پائی اور مصروف علمی زندگی گزاری، وہ ۱۳۱۹ھ میں پیدا ہوئے، اختر حسن تاریخی نام تھا۔ گھریلو تعلیم کے بعد انھوں نے مؤ سے ملحق قصبہ بہادر گنج کے مدرسہ میں داخلہ لیا جہاں مولانا عبدالغفار عراقی کے بھائی مولانا ابوالحسن عراقی سے کسب فیض کرنے کے بعد مظہرالعلوم بنارس میں داخلہ لیا، حصول تعلیم کے لیے دارالعلوم دیوبند کا سفر دوبارہ کیا مگر دونوں بار طبیعت خراب ہوجانے کی وجہ سے واپس چلے آئے اور دارالعلوم مؤ ہی میں مولانا کریم بخش سنبھلی کی خدمت میں رہ کر دورہ حدیث مکمل کیا، فراغت کے بعد یہیں درس و تدریس کی خدمت پر مامور ہوگئے، پھر مؤ کے دوسرے بڑے مدرسہ جامعہ مفتاح العلوم سے وابستہ ہوئے اور اس کے صدر مدرس بھی رہے، یہاں سے علیحدہ ہوئے تو خود المعمہد العالی مرقاۃ العلوم کی...
Islam is a complete code of life which provides guidance in political, social and economic affairs. Economics deals with very importnt sphere of human life that involves struggle for survival. This struggle is always appreciated because Allah Almighty Himself motivates for it. The basic aim of this is to eradicate poverty and huger and to bring happiness and satisfaction in society but the condition is that all the economic activities should be done with within the limits of sharia. Otherwise the efforts of human beings in this world as well as hereafter will never be successful. In contemporary economic trends, investment in securities is well known and popular. Government and private institutions issue bonds, shares, debentures etc to provide economic security to the people but in various types of sceurities Shar‘ah laws are not taken care of. Where, for a Muslim, injunctions of Shar‘ah are everything. There are tidings of rewards on obeying these injunctions and warning of punishment on their violation boath in this world and hereafter. Economic experts suggest to invest but People remain uncertain in these schemes. Regarding this objective, in this article few types of securities (Shares, Debentures and Prize Bonds) have been discussed in Shar‘ah perspectives and prize bonds were given special attention because of difference of openion of scholars about it. Some alternate solutions which may provide an insight into Islamic fiscal monetary system have been provided at the end.
The purpose of this research study was to analyze the application of human resource management standard practices in Habib Bank Limited (HBL) (a bank which was privatized lately in the year 2004 by Government of Pakistan) and Sui Southern Gas Company Limited (SSGCL) (which is under the management of Government of Pakistan). The focus of this study was to compare the said organizations with respect to human resource problems and prospects in order to get the insight and review the facts that what difference exists between the two flourishing organizations on HRM grounds with respect to their management nature i.e. one is privatized while the other is under government control. To get the desired information and analyze this subject in its true spirit, it was decided to take open ended interviews with a pre-designed instrument containing questions about human resource planning and resourcing,performance management, reward management, human resource development, health, safety and welfare, employee relations and human resource services with an aim to get detailed observations from respected employees of HBL and SSGCL. The responses from both the organizations have highlighted the issues such as overstaffing, biasness, labor union influences, closed door communication policy, sexual harassment, employee conflicts, grievances of career development, etc. Whereas on the positive side the respondents have elaborated that HBL has a professional committee to handle such issues and successful in handling the recruitment and human resource development issues while SSGCL is in the process of improvement but facing interruptions due to labor union and political pressures. It is being highlighted by the respondents of HBL and SSGCL that their organizations are providing good rewards in addition to the salaries which include performance bonuses, foreign training and trips, attractive retirement benefits, qualification assistance and allowances and family medical treatments (spouse and children). It is also said that these giant entities with respect to the HR head count are also efficient in providing the recreational and sports activities such as sports tournaments (cricket, hockey, football, etc.), musical programs, movie shows, cultural and religious events. Also expressed by the respondents that both of the organizations are well equipped and trained to deal with health safety and welfare issues and train their employees to understand and apply such principles to conduct their day to day activities safely and environment friendly. Problems and Prospects of Human Resource Management in Pakistan 7 The industrial relations (IR) and human resource services were criticized by the respondents in a way that SSGCL employees were of the opinion that their organization is facing the problems due to labor union involvement and political pressures, whereas HBL has improved its IR management significantly since its privatization. It is mentioned by the respondents of both the organization that their organizations keep their human resource policies and procedures confidential and does not disclose these documentation to the employees. And comparatively it is also observed that HBL communication system is better than SSGCL whereas SSGCL people are facing issues in communicating with the management and management does not communicate with the employees effectively. It is therefore concluded that although SSGCL and HBL are good on the reward system and health, safety and welfare functions, however, in rest of the areas HBL retain comparatively better position than SSGCL.