اداسی کی برکھامیں بھیگی شاعری
میر اور ناصر کی شعری کائنات سے محمد ندیم صادق نے اپنے لگائو کا ثبوت ’’جگر خوں کروں ہوں میں‘‘کی صورت میں فراہم کیا ہے۔اس مجموعے میں شامل غزلیں اور نظمیںایک ہی کتھا سنا رہی ہیں۔خوف، اداسی، تنہائی اور نارسائی میں گندھی بیدار راتوں کی کتھا۔
دل میں کیسا خوف بھرا ہے
پھول کھلے تو ڈر لگتا ہے
رات گئے تک ان گلیوں میں
کوئی آوارہ پھرتا ہے
کلی جو کھل کر پھول بنی تھی
پھول کسی نے توڑ لیا ہے
مندرجہ بالا اشعار جس کیفیت کی عکاسی کر رہے ہیں اسے قنوطیت سے تعبیر کیا جا سکتا ہے مگر کسی روشن تخلیقی لمحے میںشاعر نے اس فضا سے باہر نکلنے کا راستا، خوش کن یادوںاور فطرت کے حسن سے وابستگی کی صورت میںتلاش کیا ہے۔
یادوں کی بارش میں صادق
کب سے بیٹھا بھیگ رہا ہے
ساغر میں اک پھول کھلا ہے
سارا جنگل مہک اُٹھا ہے
سادگی اور لہجے کی دھیمی آنچ نے جذبے کے خالص پن کولفظوں کے بنائو سنگھار میں گم نہیں ہونے دیا۔حسّیاتی رنگ و آہنگ میں ڈھلی امیجری اور معروضی تلازمات بھی داخلی کیفیات کے ہی عکاس ہیں۔
شہر کی سڑکیں تو ٹھنڈی ہیں
لیکن میرا دل جلتا ہے
پیار محبت کرنے والا
کورا کاغذ پڑھ سکتا ہے
تیرے شہر میں آ کر مجھ کو
اپنا آپ ہی بھول گیا ہے
میر نے (۳۰ رکنی ہندی بحر)میں درجنوں لاجواب غزلیں کہی ہیں اور ناصر نے (۱۶ رکنی ہندی بحر) کا مسحور کن تجربہ کیا ہے۔اس بحرِ ہزار موج کے اتار چڑھائومیں دلی کیفیات کازیروبم خوب محسوس کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ بید ِ مجنوں کی سی لچکیلی یہ مترنم بحرتربیت یافتہ قاری پر اپنا جادو خوب جگاتی ہے۔ندیم صادق نے ناصر کی تقلید میں اس بحر کو اختیار کیا ہے۔
یقیناکچھ مقامات پر عروض ، داخلی آہنگ...
Sharing water resources within country and amongst transborder countries often create conflict because of increasing demand of fresh water for their domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors due to growing population and increasing economic activities. As a result, every country is interested to build more water storages like dams and barrages to safeguard their water requirements in the lean periods or to protect their areas during flood period. Therefore, a transboundary conflict amongst riparian countries on water sharing is obvious facts which are resolved either through bilateral dialogue or by involving international arbitrators. Similarly, a conflict of water sharing within a country has also been serious issue particularly during drought and lean period resulting political conflicts and obstacles in construction of dams and reservoirs. Pakistan is country of 207 million populations, the sixth of the most populated country of the world has been facing transboundary water sharing conflict with India while within a country inter provinces mistrust over water distribution has created reservation over the construction of new water storages. Pakistan has two agreements which provide legal framework for water distribution and management. Indus Water Treaty is an international agreement signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan and other is national agreement amongst the provinces called Indus water accord signed in 1991 by province. Despite several reservations and hostile territorial conflicts between India and Pakistan the Indus water treaty has been successfully functioning in managing water distribution of Indus River and its eastern tributaries originate from Indian occupied Kashmir. Similarly, Indus water accord 1991 provides a mechanism to resolve water sharing conflicts amongst provinces.
The present study represents a maiden attempt to develop and evaluate a combined hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) and mastitis vaccine in cows and buffaloes. The study was compartmentalized into two phases. In phase I (laboratory settings), isolates of Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae recovered from field cases of HS and mastitis were scrutinized for virulence/pathogenicity and immunogenicity in laboratory animals. Bacterin- toxoids of S. aureus and Str. agalactiae were blended with prepared antigen of P. multocida, Montanide® ISA 201 VG, thimerosal and sodium azide to prepare combined HS- mastitis vaccine that was evaluated for sterility, safety and side effects underin vitro conditions/in cattle, buffaloes and mice. A challenge-protection assay conducted in immunized mice indicated 100% survival of challenged mice. The vaccine was physically stable in terms of pH, sedimentation, color, appearance, and syringibility for 6 months observation period at 37°C. In Phase II (field evaluation), the combined vaccine was evaluated in cows, buffaloes and calves. To this end, a total of 70 S. aureus and Str. agalactiae free lactating buffaloes (n=45) and cows (n=25), 50 lactating cows (n=25) and buffaloes (n=25) positive for S. aureus/Str. agalactiae and dairy calves (buffalo calves n=70; cow calves n=50) aged up to 1 year were treated with 2 doses of combined HS-mastitis vaccine at 21 day interval and evaluated (where relevant) for 6 months in terms of ELISA based antibody titers against P. multocida, S. aureus and Str. agalactiae, incidence of HS, local and systemic reactions, incidence and prevalence of S. aureus and Str. agalactiae mastitis, severity of mastitis, milk somatic cell count, milk yield, cost effectiveness and vaccine efficacy. ELISA based antibody titers against P. multocida, S. aureus and Str. agalactiae were higher in vaccinated groups than in un-vaccinated groups. Two cases of HS were recorded in vaccinated animals vis-à-vis 7 cases in un-vaccinated animals. Incidence of S. aureus and Str. agalactiae over 180 days in vaccinated and un-vaccinated cows and buffaloes initially cultural –ve for these pathogens was 3 and 10, respectively; the corresponding figures in groups initially culture +ve for these pathogens being 2 and 12, respectively. Cumulative mean somatic cell counts in vaccinated groups were significantly lower (P>0.05) than those in respective unvaccinated controls. Milk yield was significantly higher (P<0.05) in vaccinated cows and buffaloes than in un-vaccinated controls. Mastitis severity scores were lower in vaccinated groups than in un-vaccinated controls. The vaccine tested had a vaccine efficacy 84.78 and 90.25% against HS and mastitis, respectively with a financial benefit worth Rs 2,060,300. In sum, Montanide® adjuvanted combined HS-mastitis vaccine had preventative role against HS and both preventative and curative role against S. aureus and Str. agalactiae associated mastitis. In view of the preliminary nature of the study, additional work involving much larger number of cows, buffaloes and calves is clearly warranted.