Devasahayam: The First Martyr For Jesus Christ In Travancore

Travancore was the first and foremost among the princely states of India to receive the message of Jesus Christ. According to tradition, St. Thomas the Apostle came to India in 52 A.D. He made many conversions along the west coast of India. It had to the beginning of the Christian Community in India from the early Christian era. He attained martyrdom in 72 A.D. At Calamina in St. Thomas mount, Madras. He was the first to be sacrificed for the sake of Christ in India. During the close of the second century A.D. The Gospel reached the people of southern most part of India, Travancore. Emperor Constantine deputed Theophilus to India in 354 A.D. To preach the Gospel. During this time the persecution of Christians in Persia seemed to have brought many Christian refugees to Malabar coast and after their arrival it strengthened the Christian community there. During the 4th century A.D. Thomas of Cana, a merchant from West Asia came to Malabar and converted many people. During the 6th century A.D. Theodore, a monk, visited India and reported the existence of a church and a few Christian groups at Mylapore and the monastery of St. Thomas in India. Joannes De Maringoly, Papal Legate who visited Malabar in 1348 has given evidence of the existence of a Latin Church at Quilon. Hosten noted many settlements from Karachi to Cape Comorin and from Cape Comorin to Mylapore. The Portuguese were the first European power to establish their power in India. Under the Portuguese, Christians experienced several changes in their general life and religion. Vas-co-da-gama reached Calicut on May 17, 1498. His arrival marked a new epoch in the history of Christianity in India. Many Syrian Catholics were brought into the Roman Catholic fold and made India, the most Catholic country in the East. Between 1535 to 1537 a group of Paravas were converted to Christianity by the Portuguese. In 1544 a group of fishermen were converted to Christian religion. St. Francis Xavier came to India in the year 1542. He is known as the second Apostle of India. He laid the foundation of Latin Christianity in Travancore. He could make many conversions. He is said to have baptized 30,000 people in South India. Roman Congregation of the propagation of Faith formed a Nemom Mission in 1622. The conversion of the Nairs was given much priority. As a result, several Nairs followed Christian faith particularly around Nemom about 8 k.m. South of Trivandrum. Ettuvitu pillaimars, the feudal chiefs began to persecute the Christians of the Nemom Mission. Martyr Devasahayam, belonged to the Nair community and was executed during the reign of Marthandavarma (1729-1758). It is an important chapter in the History of Christianity in South India in general, and of Travancore in particular.

Interactions of Bc Meson in Qgp

We calculate absorbtion cross-sections of B c mesons by π and ρ mesons with and without form factor including anomalous processes using meson exchange model. For calculating absorption cross sections of J/ψ − π, J/ψ − ρ and J/ψ − kaon, this approach has been used. After the suggestion for charmonium and bottomonium, it has been also suggested for heavy mixed flavor mesons that their production rate would be affected in the presence of quark gluon plasma. The enhancement of Bc production is expected due to QGP formation in heavy-ion experiments. However, in heavy-ion collisions it is also expected that the production rate of Bc meson can be affected due to the interaction with comovers. For the case of J/ψ absorption this problem has been studied quite extensively. The examination of Bc + hadron cross-section is important for extending this study to Bc. To have unambiguous interpretation of the the observed signal, the information of dissociation cross section is also important. In this work the absorption cross section of Bc meson are calculated with and without form factor, related cut-off parameters and using suitable choice of coupling constants. The total absorption cross section of Bc meson with form factor by π meson σBcπ in this work varies from 2.42 − 20.7 mb and σBcρ is found to be in the range of 0.72 − 4.6 mb. Thermal average cross-sections of Bc are evaluated with form factor when cut off parameter is 1 and 2 GeV. Using these thermal average cross-sections in kinetic model, time evolution of Bc meson is studied. This model is based on a schematic hydrodynamic description of expanding hadronic matter formed from central Au+Au collision at RHIC. We found that Bc mesons abundance are affected by almost 8% and 11% by final state interaction when cutoff parameter Λ = 1 and 2 GeV, respectively.