BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 ceramics were prepared through solid state sintering reaction. The studies were attempted at the phase pure and crack free preparation and electrical investigations of BaTiO3 ceramics with Ba/Ti molar ratio (0.98 and 0.94) and PbTiO3 ceramics (1.00, 0.98 and 0.94) Pb/Ti molar ratio in the wide range of temperatures (40–700°C) at 1kHz frequency of the ceramics perhaps for the first time. Studies were attempted to find the understanding of the conduction process and useful implementation of the controlling parameters. Thermogravimetric and Differential scanning calorimetric analysis (TGA-DSC) revealed melting temperatures, weight losses and variations in the enthalpy of crystallization of the as ground powders. Ceramics with all precursor composition were perovskite (ABO3), ferroelectric materials. Cubic structures (Pm-3m) and tetragonal (P4mmm, P4mm, P4MM) crystal structures were indicated. Curie temperature (Tc) increased from120-130°C with decreasing Ba/Ti contents. With Pb and Bi doping, Curie temperature (TC) was shifted from 120 -200°C and 120 -160°C respectively. Pb/Ti contents did shift the Curie temperature. Broad dielectric constant peaks and pronounced dielectric anomalies with relaxor like behavior were observed in the paraelectric regions. Resistivity decreased with increasing temperature, all specimens showed semiconductor behavior with negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (NTCR) characteristics. Mobility of electrons increased with thermal activation due to hopping of charge carriers from one site to another. Ohmic conductivities and associated activation energies were evaluated by impedance spectroscopy. Conductivity followed Arrhenius Law with Ea values lying in the range of single ionized and doubly ionized oxygen vacancies and Pb vacancies; ionic conduction was supposed to be responsible. Well defined hysteresis P-E loops under electric fields showed ferroelectric characteristics.
محمد مجید زبیری افسوس ۲۳؍ مئی کو شبلی کالج کے سابق استاد جناب محمد مجید زبیری کا علی گڑھ میں انتقال ہوگیا، ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد وہ جناب سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن مرحوم کے اصرار پر دارالمصنفین کے شعبۂ انصرام سے وابستہ ہوئے، اپنی نیکی، بھلمنساہت، صلح پسند طبیعت اور ایمانداری و دینداری کی وجہ سے ہر طبقہ میں مقبول و محترم تھے، صحافی و شاعر بھی تھے تقریباً دو سال قبل سخت بیمار ہوئے، علاج کے لیے اپنی صاحبزادی کے پاس علی گڑھ چلے گئے اور وہیں سے سفر آخرت اختیار کیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ بال بال مغفرت فرمائے اور پس ماندگان کو صبر و رضا کی توفیق دے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، جون ۱۹۹۲ء)
There is no doubt that the personality of messenger of Allah peace be upon him is irreproachable from all kind of diminutions and barrier of salient bigness and glory. Not only historically biographers have written about the greatness of Prophet peace be upon him, But the Muhadithin have collected a large part of the collection of Hadiths on prophet peace be upon him greatness and honour. Urdu commentators are not far behind in this field. We have come to the conclusion after observing that while interpreting the Qur'anic verses relating to the greatness and character of the Prophet (peace be upon him) The commentators were very eloquent and described the characteristics of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in a very eloquent and loving manner. In this article, the detailed material written by the commentators on the characteristics of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in Urdu commentary literature will be presented.
This study investigated research, teaching and learning of entrepreneurship of business school graduates in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Further, the study intended to investigate the entrepreneurial skills of business school graduates and inherited entrepreneurs. The targets of this study were; to investigate the role of research practices, faculty satisfaction from business schools’ curriculum and instructional practices in business education; to find out the entrepreneurial skills of business schools’ graduates and inherited entrepreneurs and to measure the relationship of research practices, instructional approaches and entrepreneurial skills of business education. Teaching faculty, business school graduates and inherited entrepreneurs of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituted the population of the study. A total 117 faculty members, nine business schools graduates and eight inherited entrepreneurs were included in the sample group. Data were collected from the sample group through three research instruments (questionnaire and two interview protocols). Based on the collected data the major finding of the study were that the respondents were agreed that research practices enhance the entrepreneurial skills of business school students, the faculty members were not satisfied from business schools’ curriculum, the faculty of business education mostly follow traditional instructional approaches, a significant relationship of business schools’ education was found with research practices and with entrepreneurial skills. Similarly, the skills of entrepreneurs who inherited entrepreneurship from their family are networking in market, opportunities identification and resilience which they learned from their successors. Based on the findings of the study recommendations were made for all the stakeholders.