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Home > Synthesis and Characterization of Some Multiferroic Materials

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Multiferroic Materials

Thesis Info

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Author

Shafiq Anwar

Program

PhD

Institute

Bahauddin Zakariya University

City

Multan

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12238/1/Shafiq%20Anwar%20physics%202019%20bzu%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727465287

Similar


Two batches of polycrystalline materials; La1-xKxFeO3 and LaFe1-xCrxO3 were prepared by co-precipitation and sol-gel methods respectively while third batch Bi0.8La0.15Ho0.05Fe1-xMnxO3 (BLHFMO) was synthesized by solid state reaction method. The structural studies have been carried out by employing X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic properties have also been investigated by employing relevant techniques. In recent years search for magnetoelectric multiferroic compounds has remained a subject of significant interest because they can be triggered by electric and magnetic ferroic orders simultaneously. Recently after identification of multiferroicity in LaFeO3 (LFO), now it is much focused to improve said properties in the compound. Similarly BiFeO3 (BFO) is another compound of tremendous interest for researchers for its multiferroic properties above room temperature. So an effort has been made to improve the multiferroic properties of LFO, BFO and related compounds. In LFO, substituting Cr3+ for Fe improves its magnetic response while dielectric studies above room temperature verified magnetic phase transition. Transitions temperature was found to be decreasing with increasing Cr contents. DC electrical resistivity was also found to be strongly Cr contents dependant; estimation of activation energy suggested P-type semiconducting behaviour of the compound. Similarly hole doping at La site by replacing it by K1+ increased the magnetic property, further P-E loops reflects weak ferroelectric nature of the material. For BLHFMO, with increase in Mn3+ concentration structural transition from rhombohedral to orthorhombic phase was detected from XRD results. Further high values of dielectric constant in the vicinity of Neel temperature are related to the magnetic phase transition. Maximum magnetic response was observed for 10 % manganese concentration.
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حکیم عبدالقوی دریابادی

آہ! جناب حکیم عبدالقوی دریابادی مرحوم
جناب حکیم عبدالقوی دریا بادی کے انتقال کی خبر دارالمصنفین میں نہایت غم و اندوہ کے ساتھ سنی گئی۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
وہ جنوری ۱۹۱۳؁ء میں پیدا ہوئے تھے، اب ۷۹ برس کی حیات مستعار کے بعد جب انھوں نے رخت سفر باندھا تو محسوس ہوا کہ علم، ادب، صحافت اور طبابت ہی نہیں شرافت، مروت، وضعداری، سادگی، فروتنی اور عجز و انکسار کا ایک پیکر مجسم رخصت ہوگیا۔
مرحوم دریاباد کے اس معزز قدوائی خاندان کے چشم و چراغ تھے، جس کو دینداری، علم و فضل اور طب و حکمت میں غیر معمولی امتیاز حاصل تھا، اس خانوادے کے جدا مجد خواجہ محمد آبکشؒ، مفتی مظہر کریم اسیرانڈمان و صاحبِ فتاویٰ مظہریہ و مترجم مراصد الاطلاع اور شفاء الملک محسن طب حکیم عبدالحسیب دریا بادی کے سلسلۃ الذہب کی سب سے روشن و تابدار کڑی مولانا عبدالماجد دریا بادیؒ کی ذات گرامی تھی جو اردو ادب کے آسمان پر آفتاب بن کر چمکے، حکیم صاحب مولانا مرحوم کے داماد اور ان کے بڑے بھائی عبدالمجید صاحب مرحوم ڈپٹی کلکٹر کے سب سے بڑے صاحبزادے تھے، ڈپٹی صاحب نیک نام سرکاری عہدیدار ہونے کے علاوہ علم و ادب اور شعر و سخن کا بھی ستھرا اور اعلا ذوق رکھتے تھے۔
حکیم صاحب والد سے زیادہ اپنے نامور عم محترم کی تربیت اور سایۂ عاطفت میں رہے، دس برس کی عمر میں حفظ قرآن مجید کی نعمت سے بہرہ ور ہونے کے بعد عربی فارسی کی تعلیم حاصل کی، عربی ادب کی تعلیم انھوں نے مولانا خلیل عرب سے حاصل کی جو مولانا سیدابوالحسن علی ندوی کے بھی استاذ تھے، دونوں بزرگوں کے درمیان رشتہ اخوت و محبت کا آغاز اسی ہمدرسی کے زمانہ میں ہوا جو تمام عمر اس طرح استوار رہا کہ حکیم صاحب کی نماز جنازہ مولانا...

Discourse on Madrassah Education Reform in Pakistan: Challenges to State Narrative and its Implications

It is generally perceived that Madrassah produce extremism which possesses a threat to the peace and security of the state and to the world as well. Government along with local and International community wants to eradicate extremism and terrorism through reforming Madrassah education. The purpose of current study is to answer the question “why attempts of Madrassah reforms were unfruitful”? By focusing on it, study is divided into three phase such as to find out; different narrative on Madrassah reform, potential barriers in the way of reform and skepticisms associated with reformist policy. The main objective of current study is to understand the problems regarding Madrassah reform through realistic approach by addressing main question what are the challenges in developing alternative narrative on Madrassah reforms and its implications? The main investigation has three driving questions that what Madrassah reform means in point of view of different actors? What are main obstacles in the process of reform? And what are skepticisms about reform? In this qualitative study stakeholder interviews have been conducted. Results of the study indicates that Government narrative with regards to Madrassah education reform is to bring them into mainstream whereas religious community think that there are hidden agendas behind the modernization of Madrassahs. They viewed Madrassahs reforms to dilute the attention of religious sector from religious education to western education. Similarly, it viewed that changes in curricula, financial control, regulatory change, and vested interest are the main hurdles in the way of reform.

Studies on the Eco – Biology and Mechanical Control of Wild Boar Sus Scrofa Cristatus Population in the Area of Islamabad, Pakistan

This project was basically run to explore the facts about exploding population of wild boar in the area of Islamabad; capital of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Due to dense human population as well as security reasons, gun shooting has been prohibited here by law. Accordingly, poison baiting may create problems for friendly wildlife species therefore non-chemical methods have been tried to control the numbers of this notorious animal in the area. In the present research, three types of the traps namely Panel Traps, Double Spike Snare Traps and Loop Traps were used at seven different study sites i.e. C.D.A-Nursery, F-9 Park, Faisal Mosque, Jasmine Garden, Near Prime Minister House, Quaid-e-Azam University and Rawal Lake to assess out wild boar capturing efficacy of each mechanical device. Research activities were started with wild boar population estimates using dog flushing and counting method at all selected study sites. Flora at each site was measured using standard methodologies and density of the animal was correlated with floral patterns found in the locality. In order to test the efficacy of above said trapping devices, fifteen sets of three traps were installed within each study sites and trapping data was collected. Different attractant materials were used to attract the target animal species toward the trapping devices considering the seasonal variation and availability of used attractant in the adjoining croplands. For example, boiled maize was not used as attractant when cultivated maize crop was available in the field. This activity was found helpful to test the usefulness of a particular attractant. Study on the biology of wild boar was another important aspect of this research. Total 529 animals captured and out of which 430 mature animals including males, females and piglets were used for autopsy. Strong positive correlated was observed between age of the female and number of piglets recovered. In the findings, older the female the greater the number of piglets and vice versa were observed. Piglet recovery ranged from 5 - 10 with the average of 7. Accordingly, data on gut content studies were completed. Stomachs of the killed animals were necropsied and analyzed up to species level with proportionate quantity of each items. Final results of this dissertation have shown that Panel Trap was the most effective device for trapping the animal using boiled maize and molasses as attractant. Further objective wise details have been given in thesis for the stakeholder to benefit the research findings.