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Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of Steroidal Aza-Heterocycles

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Rashid, Naghmana

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-I-Azam University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1992

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4461/1/3051H.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676727468997

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مزاجِ وقت دیکھو، وقت کی رفتار کو دیکھو

مزاجِ وقت دیکھو وقت کی رفتار تو دیکھو
لکھا ہے کیا سرِ دیوار تم دیوار تو دیکھو

مقدر میں یہی لکھا تھا یہ بھی ٹھیک ہے لیکن
سبب کچھ اور بھی ہو گا تم اپنی ہار تو دیکھو

اے حاکم تجھ پہ لازم ہے نگہ بانی رعایا کی
کہ اس کی مفلسی اور اس کا حالِ زار تو دیکھو

نہیں تیار خلقت کیوں تمھاری بات سننے کو
خدا کے واسطے اس خلق کا انکار تو دیکھو

اگر وہ باوفا ہوتا ، کبھی ایسا نہیں کرتا
صفِ دشمن میں جا بیٹھا ہے میرا یار تو دیکھو

خدا کا شکر کرتا ہے ادا دردِ محبت پر
ہُوا ہے محوِ سجدہ عشق کا بیمار تو دیکھو

تمھارا نام جپتا ہے فقط تائبؔ تمھارا ہے
تم اس کی چاہ تو دیکھو، تم اس کا پیار تو دیکھو

Status and Necessity of Second Marriage in Islam

The Arabic word "عائلہ" ʿĀʾilah is customary to refer to wife and home. In Urdu language, the appropriate substitutes for this word are clan and family whereas a "family" usually comprises husband, wife and kids. Family life is also known as domestic life which is not merely a pillar of a society but also is its foundation. A home is the basic unit of domestic life and society. Contentment, peace and stability of a home depend on good and pleasant relations between husband and wife. In case the understanding between husband and wife are deficient, their relations suffer largely and become weak. Islam assigns increased significance to a firm family system in the human society. It is the family environment which is the beginning of human life. A family is the basic natural institution of human society which sustains since the time of Adam (A.S.), and as long as human societies exist, the status of family will also survive and prevail. Each human child coming into this world takes birth in a family where it is brought up to flourishes in family environment. The present-day secular environment, secular education and a society lacking the teachings of Allāh and Messenger Muḥammad (S.A.W.) has deviated the Muslims from their real objective of life and the thought about the life hereafter. Today’s Muslim carries the tendency of leading his life according to his own free will and desires instead of leading his life according to the teachings of the holy Qurʾān and the tradition of the Messenger Muḥammad (S.A.W.). He feel highly uncomfortable to pass his life as per instructions contained in the holy Qurʾān and the tradition of Muḥammad (S.A.W.). Various institutions and so-called NGOs in the name of women’s rights and enlightenment are causing increased complexities for women. Today, woman is getting far and farther from her home and households. On the plea of enlightenment and freedom she is getting away from the religious teachings, her husband and also from her children. The state under influence of these organizations has, without appropriate consideration and detailed thought, framed laws against a second marriage. This legislation has affected the society and opened way for more perversion, distance from the faith and several other social complexities which instead of finding some solution are becoming more and more intricate.

Effect of Collaborative Learning Approach on Academic Achievement, Social Skill Development and Motivation Level of Secondary School Students in Pakistan Studies

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of collaborative learning approach on the academic achievement, social skills development and motivation level of secondary school students in public sector. This study also investigated effect of three collaborative learning techniques (fishbowl, syndicate, and paired annotation). A true-experimental (pre-test post-test equivalent group design) was used. The objectives of the study were; (i) To explore the effects ofcollaborative learning approach on the academic achievement of the students in the subject of Pakistan Studies; (ii) To explore the difference between pre-test and post-test scores of both the control and experimental groups; (iii) To investigate the effectiveness of collaborative learning approach for both the high achievers and low achievers; and (iv) To explore the effect of collaborative learning techniques on social skills development and motivation level of the students; (v) To measure the retention level of both control and experimental groups. For achieving these objectives null hypotheses were formulated and tested. The 281284 secondary school students in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa constituted the population of this experimental study. Sixty eight students of 9th class of Government High School No. 1, Nowshera Kalan were taken as sample of the study that were divided into two groups; control and experimental groups on the bases of pre-test scores. For this purpose pair-random sampling technique was applied. Students in the control group were taught through traditional learning activities (lecture method) in the classroom, while students in the experimental group were given treatment as collaborative learning. Data was collected through pre-test, post-test, retention test, and an observation log. The collected numerical data was analyzed with the help of mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA. While the qualitative data collected through observation log, was analyzed qualitatively in the form of descriptions. The major findings were found as under; (1) Collaborative learning activities (fishbowl, syndicate, and paired annotation) improved academic achievement of secondary school students. (2) Retention level of the students who learn collaboratively was better than those who learn through traditional learning methods. (3) Collaborative learning activities developed social skills of the students. (4) Collaborative learning activities improved motivation level of the students.