دریائے نیل
ہم قاہرہ یونیورسٹی اور حدیقہ الحیوان سے پیدل کبری الجامعہ پہنچے جس کے نیچے دریائے نیل رواں دواں تھا ۔میں نے یہاں اس پانی میں ٹھہرائو اور بردباری محسوس کی نیل اپنے ہزاروں میل کے بہائو کاا ظہار چیخ چیخ کر نہیں کر رہا تھا ۔ہم نے تین مصری جنین کے دو ٹکٹ لیے اور لانچ میں بیٹھ گئے ۔لانچ کی خستہ حالی بھی مصری عوام کی معیشت کی طرح زبوں حال اور نا تواں تھی ۔لانچ میں بیٹھتے ہی مجھے دکتور ہ شائمہ کی بات یاد آئی ۔انہوں نے کہا تھا کہ ایک مصری کہاوت ہے کہ جو بندہ دریائے نیل کا پانی پی لے وہ دوبارہ مصر ضرور آ تا ہے ۔میں نے چلتی لانچ سے ہاتھ دریا میں ڈالا اور اوک بھر پانی پیا ۔لانچ کی ایک کھڑکی میں سبز رنگ کی بوتل نظر آئی میں نے بوتل کو نیل کے پانی میں خوب دھویا اور اس کودریا کے پانی سے بھرا ، دکتور محمود بولے اس کاکیا کرو گے میں نے کہا یہ سبز رنگ کی بوتل ہے اور پاکستان کا سرکاری رنگ سبز ہے میں اس سبز رنگ کے ساتھ نیل کا اشتراک چاہتا ہوں میری خواہش ہے کہ مصر اور پاکستان ایک دوسرے کے قریب ہوں ،اس پانی اور بوتل کی طرح ۔میں نے دکتور محمود سے پوچھا نیل کا پانی کہاں سے نکلتا ہے اس نے کہاں سوڈان میں کوئی دور جگہ ہے ۔میں نے پوچھا وہاں کو نسا گلیشئیر ہو سکتا ہے جہاں سے یہ پانی آ تا ہے کہنے لگے افریقہ میں گلیشئیر نہیں ہوتے یہ کوئی پاکستان تو نہیں ،پھر کہنے لگے کوئی دو جھیلیں ہیں وہاں سے یہ پانی آ تا ہے ۔اس حوالے سے میں معلوماتی کتب سے رجوع کیا تو معلوم ہوا کہ ہم جسے ایک دریائے نیل سمجھ...
Hazrat Abdul Rehman (may Allah be pleased with him) belonged to Arab tribe of Quraish and was a close relative of Mohammad (peace be upon him). At the time of conquest of Makkah He (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the circle of Islam. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the companions of Muhammad (may Allah be pleased with him) who came to sub-continent specially Balochistan in order to preach for Islam and Jihad during the Khilafat of orthodox caliphs. He (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Balochistan twice for Jihad and conquests first during the Khilafat of Hazrat Usman (may Allah be pleased with him) and second time in the early era of Hazrat Muawia (may Allah be pleased with him). He (may Allah be pleased with him) played a vital role in the wars of Balochistan. He (may Allah be pleased with him) established Zehri his abode and capital after conquering Kalat, Khuazdar (Sajistan), Kachi, Gandhava, and Chaghi, and from here he expanded the series of his conquests till Kabul and Qandar. Besides this, he included many areas of sub-continent in the Islamic empire of conquered areas. His (may Allah be pleased with him) life is consists of great chapters of sincerity in deeds. Wisdom and valor, determination fearlessness, strife, hospitality, simplicity and patience. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the great generals of Islam had the honour to have carried the message of Holy faith in every corner of Balochistan in tough and unfavorable conditions and planted the flag of Islam in Balochistan forever.
The present study investigated the determinants of off-farm employment among small farmers in Peshawar Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i. A sample of 298 farm households was selected using random sampling technique and data were collected through a pre-tested interview schedule. This study focuses on three selected districts i.e. Peshawar, Charsadda and Mardan. Six villages were selected two each from the sampled districts. Analysis showed that the coefficients of household size, level of education of the household head, age of the household head, farm underemployment, income from off-farm employment, access to credit were positively related to the off-farm employment. While farm area operated and income from farm output was negatively but significantly related to off-farm employment. There was a significant difference in the off-farm employment among various sizes of farms. In a similar manner it was also seen that the tenants and owner-cum-tenant were involved less in off-farm activities than owners. It was established that owners operated very small farm size of the study area. There was a significant difference among off-farm employment level in the three districts. More of the sampled respondents were involved in off-farm employment in Peshawar followed by Mardan and Charsadda. Similarly small farmers of developed villages perform more off-farm employment than the small farm households of underdeveloped villages. This could be associated to the developed means of transport and communications, better education facilities, market facilities as well as availability of off-farm jobs locally. In developed villages of three districts, average per month income of small farm households from farm output was higher than the undeveloped villages of these districts due to the high sale price of vegetables grown on large area and more milk production. Similarly, in developed villages income from off-farm employment was more than undeveloped villages. Because large number of family labors of small farm households were working on high paid jobs or employed else or self-employed and thus contributed a good amount to their family’s income. The study suggests that with the lessening in the size of land holding unemployment in the agriculture area is probably going to increment. There is a need to make off-farm employment opportunities. Agro based industries appears to potential area to create employment opportunities. All the while there is a need for initiating skill development programs.