اسلم ملک
اسلم ملک (۱۹۳۱ء پ) سیالکوٹ کے محلہ دھارو وال میں پیدا ہوئے ۔(۹۹۸) نثر نگاری ان کی پہچان ہے لیکن اظہار کے لیے انھوں نے شاعری کا لطیف پیرایہ بھی استعمال کیا ہے۔ اسلم ملک نے بچوں کے ادب کو زیادہ اہمیت دی ہے۔ اس لیے ان کی شاعری کا بڑا حصہ بچوں کی شاعری پر محیط ہے۔اسلم ملک نے حمد سے نعت ،غزل نظم اور ہائیکو جیسی اصناف میں طبع آزمائی کی ہے۔ اسلم ملک کا شعری مجموعہ ’’خواب اور خوشبو‘‘شائع ہو چکاہے۔ تصوف اور عشقِ حقیقی اسلم ملک کی شاعری کا ایک بڑا موضوع ہے۔ اسلم ملک کے نزدیک صرف خدائے رحیم و کریم ،تعظیم ،عظمت اور تمہیدو ستائش کا حقدار ہے۔ لالہ و گل میں اس کی خوشبو ہے۔ اور سورج چاند ستاروں کی روشنی بھی اسی سے ہے کیونکہ وہ نور اور نور کا منبع ہے۔ کچھ اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں:
لالہ و گل میں جو خوشبو ہے فقط تری ہے
چاند ستاروں کی چمک میں بھی ہے فیضان تیرا
گیت تیرے ہی سناتے ہیں پرندے سارے
بزمِ قیمتی کا ہر اک فرد ثنا خواں تیرا (۹۹۹)
تو خالق و مالک ارض و سما
سبحان اللہ ، سبحان اللہ
تو داتا مرے دل میں بسا
سبحان اللہ ، سبحان اللہ
خلقت ساری ہے کنبہ ترا
سبحان اللہ ، سبحان اللہ
تو افضل و اکمل سب سے بڑا
سبحان اللہ ، سبحان اللہ
(۱۰۰۰)
شہ دو جہاں کا کرم چاہتا ہوں
سفر اپنا سوئے حرم چاہتا ہوں
دیا ان کا روشن رہے طاقِ دل پر
میں الفت میں ان کا بھرم چاہتا ہوں
(۱۰۰۱)
The word corruption is very comprehensive. It is the synonym of bribery, demoralization, sinfulness, wickedness, impurity, dishonesty, fraud, falsehood, embezzlement, illegal and criminal, etc. Currently in pakistan government & private sectors, high rank government employees, bureaucracy and political institutions, are involved in different kinds of corruption. Consequently, the economy of the courntry has been effected extremly. Therefore, there is no peace in the counrtry. CALVIN COOLIDGE said in his speech, in 1923: "Economy is always a guarantee of peace". (1) In this research article it would be searched that how the corruption in the country could be eradicated, in the light of Islamic teachings. So that the economy of the the country can make progress smoothly and easily.
The low solubility and permeability of drugs, in general, leads to unsatisfactory pharmacokinetics profile of drugs. Polymer conjugation has attracted increasing interest in pharmaceutical industry for delivering such low molecular weight (Mw) drugs as well as some complex compounds. The objective of this work was to find a method to overcome the solubility and permeability problems using the conjugation strategy. In this regard, hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a highly biocompatible semi-synthetic biopolymer, was used as a drug carrier. N- Arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones were selected as antidiabetic compounds of choice for coupling with HES. The experiments established the viability of a covalent coupling between polymer and N-arylsulfonylbenzimidazoles using a suitable coupling strategy. As a requirement for the desired coupled products, HES must have Mw that is suitable for drug delivery and excretion through the kidney. Therefore, HES needs to undergo a selective degradation. In the present study, two different methods for hydrolysis, i.e. acidic and enzymatic, were used for selective degradation of HES. It was found that the enzymatic hydrolysis method is superior to acidic hydrolysis. The enzymatic method was used to obtain HES of Mw as low as ≈ 10,000 g/mol. The selectively degraded HES was oxidized to generate carboxylic acid groups at the chain ends to serve as a coupling site for N-arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones, the selected antidiabetic compounds. For oxidation of HES, potassium permanganate and sodium oxychloride were tried as oxidizing agents. The sodium oxychloride method was found advantageous over permanganate method. The degraded and oxidized products were characterized using GPC, IR and NMR techniques. N-Arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones were synthesized using a multistep sequence to serve as antidiabetic compounds. The structures of all the synthesized arylsulfonylbenzimidazolne products and intermediates were established using spectroscopic techniques and the purity ascertained by elemental analysis. The synthesized arylsulfonylbenzimidazolnes were coupled to oxidized HES of molecular weights 17,490 g/mol and 10,067 g/mol by creating an amide linkage between the two units. iiThe coupled products were characterized using GPC, IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The coupled products were screened for their antidiabetic potential on male albino rats of the Sprague–Dawley albino family at a dose of 20 mg and 40 mg per Kg body weight of the rats. It was observed that all the synthesized compounds were highly active. 2,3-Dihydro-3-(4- nitrobenzensulfonyl)-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazole (63) was found most potent with a 54 % reduction in blood glucose level of the rats as compared to 41 % reduction produced by tolbutamide and 38 % by glucophage. The coupling of these antidiabetic compounds with oxidized HES resulted in an increase of the hypoglycemic activity of all the compounds. The activity of compound 63 on coupling to HES 10,067 increased to 67 % reduction in blood glucose level.