In the present study, four series of copper(II) carboxylates mixed with N-donor ligands have been synthesized by treating copper sulfate with a carboxylate moiety followed by reacting it with an N-donor compound in an aqueous medium. The carboxylate ligands used were substituted phenyl acetic acids [4–methyl (1, 1a, 1b, 1c), 4–H (2, 2a, 2b, 2c), 4–methoxy (3, 3a, 3b, 3c), 4–bromo (4, 4a, 4b, 4c), 4–chloro (5, 5a, 5b, 5c), 4–floro (6, 6a, 6b, 6c), 4–nitro (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) and 2–nitro (8, 8a, 8b, 8c)] while the N-donor ligands were pyridine (a), –bipyridine (b) and 1,10–phenanthroline (c). The coordination modes of ligands and the structure and geometry assignments of the complexes were determined using different analytical techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, powder and single crystal XRD. Based on the results, the ligand was found to coordinate to the Cu(II) ion through the COO moiety in bridging bidentate (1-8, 1a-8a), monodentate (1b-6b and 8b) and chelating bidentate fashions (1c, 3c-8c and 7b). Complex 2c was found to be unique because it had OH bridges and the carboxylate ligand is lying uncoordinated in the crystal lattice while the 5th coordination site around each copper(II) ion of the dinuclear complex is occupied by a water molecule. The geometry and structure of the complexes, as confirmed through single crystal X-ray analyses was found to be square pyramidal and polynuclear (1-8, without N-donor ligand), square pyramidal and dinuclear (with pyridine, 1a-8a and –bipyridine, 1b-6b, 8b) and distorted octahedral and mono-nuclear (1c, 3c-8c, with 1,10-phenanthroline and 7b with –bipyridine). The bulk property such as the purity of the complexes was confirmed through powder XRD of the crystalline samples where the simulated and experimental spectra were in complete agreement with each other. The DNA binding ability of all the synthesized complexes was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The diffusion coefficient of the free and DNA bound complexes were determined by the Randles-Sevcik equation. The positive peak potential shift in iii CV and the hypochromic effect in spectroscopy observed for complexes 4-8, 3a, 5a-8a, 1b, 5b, and 3c-7c evidenced the intercalative mode of interaction of these complexes with DNA while the negative potential shift observed for 3b, 4b, 8b, 1c, 2c, and 8c indicated electrostatic interactions. A mixed binding mode (electrostatic with intercalation) was observed for the rest of the complexes 1, 2, 3, 1a, 2a, 4a, 2b, 6b and 7b. The CV results revealed the highest binding strengths for 2, 3, 6, 5a, 6a, 1b, 3b-6b, 3c-6c and 7c (Kb range = 3.166 × 104 to 2.13 × 105). The UV-Vis spectroscopic data also indicated the same pattern of binding strength. Moreover, the λmax ε v w t UV-Vis spectroscopy. The peak ranges in spectroscopy show that the geometry around copper(II) in case of 1-8 and 1a-8a is square pyramidal while 1b-8b and 1c-8c exhibit an octahedral geometry in DMSO solution. Biological screening of the complexes against medically important bacterial and fungal strains has exhibited a significant antibacterial and antifungal activity for 1c, 2c, 6c and 7c and 1, 1b, 2, 2c, 3c, 5a, and 7c, respectively while 4a, 4b, 5, 5c, and 8c were found to have moderate antifungal activity. The potent DNA binding ability supported by biocidal activity indicated that these complexes can have a potential for the anti-cancer activity as well.
مولانا نجم الدین اصلاحی ۱۴؍ اگست کو حافظ مولانا نجم الدین صاحب اصلاحی نے تقریباً ۹۴ برس کی عمر میں داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا۔ اِناﷲ وَاِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔ انھوں نے اپنے جدبزرگوار ملاقدرت علی مرحوم سے ابتدائی تعلیم حاصل کی اور اپنے گاؤں ہی کے ایک دوسرے بزرگ حافظ عبدالرحیم مرحوم کی خدمت میں رہ کر قرآن مجید حفظ کیا، مزید تعلیم مدرسۃ الاصلاح سرائمیر میں ہوئی، اس وقت مدرسہ میں مولانا امین احسن اصلاحی صاحبِ تدبر قرآن اور مولانا اختر احسن اصلاحی مرحوم سابق مہتمم مدرسۃ الاصلاح بھی زیر تعلیم تھے۔ فارسی میں مولانا نجم الدین صاحب کی اچھی اور پختہ استعداد ان کے ہم وطن مولوی محمد مصطفےٰ صاحب کے فیض تلمذ کا نتیجہ تھی۔ جو مدرسۃ الاصلاح میں فارسی کے بہت اچھے اور لائق معلم تھے۔ اس زمانے میں مولانا شبلی متکلم ندوی مدرسۃ الاصلاح سرائمیر کے مہتمم تھے، وہ علامہ شبلیؒ کے تلمیذ رشید اور اس مجلس اخوان الصفاء کے ایک رکن تھے جو علامہ مرحوم کی وفات کے بعد ان کے ناتمام کاموں کی تکمیل کے لیے مولانا حمیدالدین فراہیؒ کی سربراہی میں قائم ہوئی تھی۔ مولانا شبلی متکلم معقولات اور اسرار شریعت کی کتابوں کا درس اس شان سے دیتے تھے کہ طلبہ کو مطالب بخوبی ذہن نشین ہوجاتے تھے۔ مدرسہ کا معیارِ تعلیم بلند اور بہتر بنانے کے لیے ان کو دوبارہ مدرسہ کی خدمت کی زحمت دی گئی تو بڑھاپے میں بھی ان کے درس کا وہی رنگ رہا، اس کی شہادت مولانا نجم الدین صاحب نے اس طرح دی کہ وہ چپکے سے جنگلے کے پاس جاکر درس سنا کرتے تھے۔ ان کے علاوہ مولانا عبدالرحمن نگرامی ندوی، مولانا حکیم محمد لہراوی اور دوسرے اساتذہ سے بھی درسیات کی تکمیل کی، ۱۹۱۷ء میں جب مولانا حمیدالدین فراہیؒ دارالعلوم حیدرآباد کی پرنسپلی سے استعفا دے کر مدرسۃ الاصلاح...
Allah Almighty has created everything in pairs. It is a scientific fact that these pairs exist in all things, in vegetable kingdom, even in inorganic matters. There is no doubt that these elements do not exist by themselves. The Holy Quran has mentioned repeatedly this fact in different verses. Marriage in Islam is a divine bond between husband and wife to enjoy the social relationship with each other and is a basic unit of Islamic family system. This article presents the structure of a Muslim Family in the light Islamic teachings.
In the composite products, main attributes to quality problems are design flaws, defects in manufacturing process, material inconsistencies, use of primitive technology, unqualified manpower and defective machines. This research is aimed to integrate the variables involved in design, material, key process control parameters, and testing of polymer composite manufacturing into one generic framework affecting the product quality. To test and validate the proposed framework experimental work was accomplishedand Taguchi method was applied in research. Quantity 27 polymer composite laminates were manufactured according to Taguchi L27 orthogonal array by varying thirteen key parametersincluding weight, thickness, fiber pattern, core type, matrix, resin harden mixing time, layup pattern, temperature, viscosity, tooling, labor, cure and process techniques. Flexure strength and Compressive strength were defined as quality characteristics. Accordingly effect of selected control parameters on flexural properties and compressive properties were studied through destructive testing of test specimens sectioned from 27 laminates. Study results reveal that there is major effect of tooling type, cure,fibre pattern and layup pattern are the most important variables influencing flexure stress whereas resin hardens mixing time, matrix, fibre pattern and process techniques on flexure strain. Fibre pattern, layup pattern, viscosity and matrix have substantial effect on compressive stress whereas fibre pattern, labour, process techniques and cure have significant effect on compressive modulus.The optimized levels of each control parameters for flexure stress, flexure strain, compressive stress and compressive modulus were obtained and results were validated through predictive analysis. The optimized levels predicted the best combination of control parameters to maximize the quality characteristics defined as flexure and compressive properties of polymer composite laminates. Findings of this study and proposed framework are useful for polymer composite application in aviation, sports, mechanical, civil industries and automobile.