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Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Drugs-Metal Complexes

Thesis Info

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Author

Mohsin Ali

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12618/1/Mohsin_Ali_Chemistry_HSR_2017_UoK_Karachi_24.09.2018.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727509576

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Accelerated research in the field of Co-ordination chemistry has vitalize the scientists world over to consider transition metals as possible powerful agents to enhance the pharmacological activities of different drugs. Additionally, it has been explored that accompaniment of transition metal ions to a drug not only potentiates the already known pharmacological action of the drug but may also be responsible for exhibition of newer activities of the compound unnoticed hitherto. Medicinal inorganic chemistry is flourishing with successful clinical application of many metal complexes. Based on these findings the present work aims at synthesizing various transition metal complexes of some reputable and well practiced pharmacological agents. The drugs included antimicrobial agents, Isoniazid and Pyraziamide, antihypertensive agent, Losartan, antimycotic Fluconazole and oral hypoglycemic agent, Biguanide Metformin. Copper, Nickle, Cobalt, Mangnese, Iron and Cadmium ions were used for complex formation. The structures and characterization of all synthesized complexes were established and characterized by using FTIR, UV-visble, NMR, elemental analysis, AA, SEM and XRD data and their physicochemical properties was done by melting point, color, solubility, conductance and magnetic susceptibility values. The metal complexes of Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium strains resistant to commonly used anti tuberculous agents. Furthermore, all complexes were evaluated for their cytotoxic, antiplatelet and antibacterial activities. Cobalt complex of Pyrazinamide were found active against all resistant tuberculous mycobacterium strains while the Mangnese complex of this drug showed anti mycobacterial activity against two of the strains. All complexes of Isoniazid demonstrated activity against resistant strains of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Copper complex of Fluconazole exhibited cytotoxic activity against all four cancer cell lines whereas Cobalt and Iron complexes were cytotoxic against KB-3-1 cancer cell line. Pure Losartan was also found to be cytotoxic against cervical carcinoma cell lines. Contrary to these findings, Biguanide metformin metal complexes were inactive in terms of cytotoxic, antibacterial and antipletelet activities depicting no encouraging results.
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صدائے صمد ہے صدائے محمدؐ


صدائے صمد ہے صدائے محمدﷺ
ادائے احد ہے ادائے محمدﷺ

دلوں کو دلوں سے ملائے محمدﷺ
عدو کو گلے سے لگائے محمدﷺ

عطا در عطا ہے عطاؤں کا محور
عطائے اِلٰہی ، عطائے محمدﷺ

کہاں دُوسرا سرورِ دو سراؐ سا
کہاں دُوسرا کوئی لائے محمدﷺ

مرے واسطے سلسلۂ ہدیٰ ہے
درِ آلِ احمدؐ ، ولائے محمدﷺ

عمرؓ ہو گئے کس طرح سے مکرّم
اُسے لگ گئی ہے دعائے محمدﷺ

سرِ سرحدِ لامکاں کی رسائی
ہوئی کس کو حاصل سوائے محمدﷺ

وہؐ سدرہ سے آگے کی راہوں کے سائر
کہاں سے کہاں ہو کے آئے محمدﷺ

ہے اِسمِ محمدﷺ دکھوں کا مداوا
ہر اِک روگ دل کا مٹائے محمدﷺ

علی ؔ! آؤ اُس در کی کر لو گدائی
دو عالم ہوا ہے گدائے محمدﷺ

The Preservation and Authenticity of Ḥadīth As a Source of Sīrah: A Critique of Robert Spencer’S Views on Historicity of Muḥammad

The account of the deeds and sayings of the prophet (ﷺ) has been carefully preserved since the dawn of Islam. This is what actually led Ernest Renan to believe that “[Islam] was born in the full light of history”, and that the life of Muḥammad (ﷺ) can be known as explicitly as that of any sixteenth century reformer. Notwithstanding, some contemporary writers doubt the historicity of Muḥammad (ﷺ) ; Robert Spencer is one of them. He is an American author. He is quite famous for his criticism of Islam and the prophet of Islam. He has published twelve books so far. He is a member of Melkite Greek Catholic Church. He contends that Muḥammad’s (ﷺ) historical value is in no way greater and more reliable than mythological figures or characters such as Robin Hood and Macbeth. He maintains that the very idea of subjecting the traditionally accepted account of the life of Muḥammad (ﷺ) and the origins of Islam will be regarded by many Muslims as an affront. To substantiate his argument, he rigorously criticizes the historical value of ḥadīth. He argues that aḥādīth were fabricated and compiled in the third century. He maintains that aḥādīth were concocted much later to be used as weapons in political strife and religious controversies. This paper is an academic attempt to prove that aḥādīth were painstakingly preserved and for that purpose various techniques were employed. Besides, it also sheds light on the reasons for the fabrication of aḥādīth and the ways and means utilized for sifting the genuine aḥādīth from forgeries. Findings of this article suggest that the minute details of the life of Muḥammad (ﷺ) have been scrupulously preserved; hence aḥādīth can be used as a reliable source of Sīrah.

Exploring Mathematics Teachers’ Responses to Challenges in Teaching and Learning of Mathematics

The world of mathematics education is progressing rapidly with new knowledge being generated through advanced research. In order to make sense of the new mathematical discoveries and information in the field of mathematics education, conceptual understanding of mathematical concepts is very essential. Moreover, mathematics teaching and learning to promote students’ conceptual understanding in the context of Pakistan is considered challenging. Nevertheless teachers try to handle the emerging challenges while teaching for conceptual understanding. This study aimed to explore the challenges of mathematics classrooms and the strategies that mathematics teachers use to promote mathematical understanding in the middle school of a private Learning Resource High School in the context of Gilgit-Baltistan. In order to achieve the research purpose, a qualitative case study approach was used to carry out this study. The participants of this study were two mathematics teachers. The tools used for the purpose of data collection were: semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, post lesson discussions, document analysis and reflective journal maintained by the researcher. The interview data was audio-taped and transcribed. Further, the data was analyzed by coding and categorizing under various themes. The study revealed that during the teaching and learning of mathematics, teachers face certain types of challenges such as English language barrier, non-availability of teaching resources and their utilization, lack of classroom culture of exploration and issues in teaching of algebraic concepts. Similarly, the study also revealed that to overcome the emerging challenges, the teachers facilitate students with the help of contextual low-cost no-cost materials, contextualizing the mathematical concepts and through the involvement of the students. This study can help mathematics teachers and educators to design various types of activities to overcome the challenges.