In the presented research work sulfonamide, acetamide and oxadiazole functionalities were incorporated as appendants of piperidine. The aim of this work was to synthesize new compounds exhibiting diverse and improved pharmacological potential in search of new drug contenders with enhanced activity, might be helpful in controlling many degenerative diseases. The present work was accomplished to synthesize 149 compounds having specific structural as well as chemical properties in six different schemes. The synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their enzyme inhibitory potential against different enzymes, that is, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase; antibacterial activity using different bacterial strains of gram positive and negative bacteria; and moreover molecular docking studies was also performed for the potent derivatives against AChE & BChE. The scheme-1 was based on the synthesis of twenty different N-substituted derivatives including N-alkyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (5a-f) and N- aryl-2-[(phenylsulfonyl)(piperidin-1-yl)amino]acetamide (7a-n) from 1-amino piperidine. In scheme-2 ten 2-O-substituted derivatives (9a-j) of 1-[(3,5-dichloro-2- hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl] piperidine (8) were synthesized by reacting 2- bromoacetamide electrophiles with 8. In scheme-3, 4-(Piperidine-1-yl)aniline was subjected to react with different sulfonyl chlorides (1a-k) to form eleven alkyl/aralkyl sulfonamides (10a-k) which were substituted with ethyl iodide to generate eleven newfangled N-ethyl substituted sulfonamides (11a–k). Schemes-4 & 5 were based on Ethyl isonipecotate as main piperidine based reactant which then treated differently to generate series of novel cholinesterase inhibitors. In series 4 Ethyl isonipecotate was firstly converted to ethyl 1-(phenylsulfonyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate (12) which then reacted with NH2-NH2 (hydrated) to form 1-(phenylsulfonyl)piperidin-4- carbohydrazide (13). By reacting 13 with different sulfonyl chlorides, fourteen N''-(1- (phenylsulfonyl)piperidine-4-carbonyl)sulfonohydrazide derivatives (14a-n) were synthesized. 5-(1-(Phenylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiol (15) was synthesized by refluxing carbohydrazide 13 with CS2/KOH in ethanol. This 1,3,4- Oxadiazole 15, was processed for the synthesis of S-substituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazol derivatives (16a-v) (Scheme-5). This synthetic scheme involved the stirring of alkyl/aralkyl halides with 15 in the presence of NaH/DMF. The eleven aralkyl/aryl carboxylic acids (18a-k) were converted into corresponding ethyl esters (19a-k) through esterification with ethanol in the presence of small amount of conc. H2SO4 as catalyst. Ethyl esters (19a-k) were further converted into carbohydrazides (20a-k) by stirring with hydrazine in methanol. The eleven 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles (21a-k) were synthesized by refluxing carbohydrazides with CS2/KOH in ethanol (Scheme-6). This scheme also included the formation of an electrophile, 22, by stirring of piperidine with 4-(bromomethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride in aqueous basic medium and then stirring of 22 with eleven 5-substituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiols in NaH/DMF to synthesize 5-aralkyl/aryl-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl 4-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)benzyl sulfide (23a-k). All the compounds were corroborated through spectral analysis including 1H-NMR, IR and EI-MS. Scheme 1-4 & 6 derivatives were screened against AChE, BChE & LOX enzyme and showed excellent to moderate inhibitory potential and most potent inhibitors from each of above mentioned schemes were docked with AChE & BChE proteins to establish the binding models for structure activity relationship. Scheme-5 derivatives were screened against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains i.e. B. subtilis (+), S. aureus (+) and S. sonnei (-), E. coli (-), P. aeruginosa (-) and S. typhi (- ) using Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin as reference standard. All compounds showed varying degree of antimicrobial activity.
پنجابی لوک گیتاں دی اک قسم بولیاں اے بولیاں جمع دا صیغہ اے۔ جیہدا واحد بولی اے تے جیدے کئی معنی نیں بولی دا لفظ زبان دے معنیاں وچ ورتیاں جاندا اے بولی پنجابی شاعری دی اوس قسم نوں کہندے نیں جیہدا صرف اکو مصرعہ ہوندا اے بولی اک مصرعہ ہون پاروں ردیف قافیہ نئیں ہوندا بعض کتاباں وچ بولی نوں دو مصرعے وچ ہیٹھ اُپر لکھیا جاندا اے انج لکھن وچ ہرج تے کوئی نئیں پر ویکھن والیاں نوں بھلیکھا پیندا اے کہ بولی دو مصرعیاں نال بن دی اے بھانویں اوہناں دویاں مصرعیاں وچ ردیف قافیہ نئیں ورتیا ہوندا۔
ذرا ساہ لین نوں روک کے پڑھن نوں پنجابی وچ ورام آکھدے نیں چھوٹے مصرعیاں وچ ورام دی لوڑ نئیں پیندی پروڈے تے لمبے مصرعیاں وچ دو، دو رام وی آجاندے نیں ایس لئی بولی دے مصرعے نوں جیہڑا لماں وی ہوندا ایں اک ورام نال پڑھدے نیں جہناں نے ایس بولی نوں دو مصرعیاں وچ بنا دتا ایں اوہناں نے ورام نوں صحیح نہیں ورتیا۔
The Islamic state has certain rules for taxes to generate income, which need to be followed within Islamic premises. In Islam, Kharāj is a type of individual Islamic tax on agricultural land and its product. At that time, kharaj was synonymous with jizyah, which later emerged as a per head tax paid by the dhimmis with complete ownership of all resources. Khums means " onefifth or 20%". In Islamic legal terminology, it means one-fifth of certain items that a person acquires as wealth must be paid to the Islamic State. This study is focused on the financial system of an Islamic state, its taxation and revenues.
Social networking websites have gained popularity and prominence in almost all fields of life during the recent decades. Although, the extent of research is available on social media technology but that research is missing its strength in the relationship of social networking websites and employee recruitment. The review of data revealed that only few studies have focused the description of implementation of technology for the purpose of human resource management especially in the case of employee recruitment. It is a matter of fact that use of social media technologies in recruitment process is gradually increasing but the academic researchers have not well described this method. In the context of Pakistan, it is important to understand the acceptance process to get an overview of the gaps existing in the diffusion of these technologies in organizations as compared to other developed countries. This study fills the gap theoretically and empirically by extending Social Media Recruiting Technology (SMART) acceptance model through investigation of important technological factors and personality characteristics that help in accepting this technology, and also through exploring the impact of social media recruiting technology acceptance on social media recruiting technology outcomes to meet the recruitment objectives. This study further examines the role of management support as moderator between the relationship of intention to adopt SMART and SMART acceptance. In developing conceptual model and explaining relationships among variables, following are the underpinning theories: theory of reasoned action, theory of diffusion of innovations, theory of planned behaviour, decomposed theory of planned behaviour, technology acceptance model, technology acceptance model 2, technology acceptance model 3, unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and task technology fit. In this study, the research design has determined as mixed methods sequential exploratory study (qual-à QUAN). For qualitative portion of the study, data were collected through interviews by following purposive sampling technique. Thirteen interviewees provided appointment and interviews were scheduled according to the convenience and ease of interviewees regarding date, time and venue. For quantitative data collection, online link of web based survey was forwarded through companies‘ / managers‘ email addresses and a hard copy of survey form was also posted on companies‘ physical addresses. Based on analysis techniques adopted in SEM related studies and suggestions of different researchers the sample size set for this study was 340-395. The sampling frame was set 4418 and the lists of Pakistani companies presenting different domains were acquired from Karachi Stock Exchange and Lahore Chamber of Commerce. However, 589 entries were found correct and utilized for data entry and response rate of the study was 30.1 percent. Results showed that factors of Extended UTAUT, TTF and recruiter‘s characteristics have significant impact on intention to adopt SMART except agreeableness, extroversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness, also intention to adopt SMART has significant impact on SMART acceptance and SMART acceptance has significant impact on SMART outcomes. This is the first ever mixed method study in the field of SMART which represented Extended Social Media Recruiting Technology (eSMART) acceptance model for Pakistani organizations. However, results also indicated that management support itself has significant impact as a predictor of SMART acceptance but as a moderator it was not found positively significant over the relationship of intention to adopt SMART and SMART acceptance. This study has made considerable and substantial contribution in the field of human resource management and information technology in both theoretical and practical manners. This study has opened new doors for improvement and extension in recruitment strategy and process, instead of straightforward recruitment practices. At the same time, it is a positive move towards the progressive expansion of use of information technology. Due to the prescribed scope of the study, eSMART acceptance model is evaluated in terms of pre-hire outcomes and the evaluation of post-hire outcomes is recommended for future research.