In this study, Gum Arabic (GA) microgels were successfully synthesized via reverse micellization method with a high yield (78±5.0%) in 5-100 μm size range using divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The as synthesized GA microgels show 22.8±3.5% biodegradability property at stomach condition (pH 1) in 20 days, whereas no degradation was observed at pH 7.4 and pH 9 conditions at 37 oC. By using diethylenetriamine (DETA) and taurine (TA) as chemical modifying agents, GA microgels were chemically modified as GA-DETA and GA-TA microgels. Remarkably, GA-DETA and GA-TA microgels show zeta potential values of 5.23±4.07 and -24.85±1.33 mV in comparison to GA microgels which give -27.31±4.20 mV overall surface charge. Moreover, blood compatibility of GA, GA-TA, and GA-DETA microgels was tested via in vitro protein adsorption, % hemolysis ratio and blood clotting index. Interestingly, GA based microgels were hemocompatible with % hemolysis ratio between 0.23 and 2.05; and the GA microgels were found highly compatible with a blood clotting index of 81±40. The biocompatibility of GA, GA-DETA and GA-TA microgels against L929 fibroblast cells also indicate 84.4%, 89.1% and 67.0% cell viability respectively at 25.0 μg/mL concentration; suggesting a great deal of potential in vivo biomedical applications up to this concentration. In addition, 5 and 10 mg/mL minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of protonated GA-DETA microgels (GA-DETA-HCl) was determined against E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The bare and GA-TA microgels present good loading capability of 160 and 57 mg.g-1 for phenylephrine (PHP) whereas, in case of Trimethoprim(TMP), GA-DETA and GA-TA microgels show a relatively higher loading capacity of 80 and 52 mg.g-1 respectively. Contrarily, 39.27 ±1.20, 18.40 ±3.130 and 3.10 ±1.140 mg.g-1 release of PHP was observed in case of GA, GA-TA and GA-DETA microgels respectively to the BPS medium in 8 Hrs. Likewise, GA and GA-TA microgels exhibits upto 4.5 ±3.32 and 9.80 ±4.10 mg.g-1 release respectively and an unexpectedly low release amount of 3.3 ±1.94 mg.g-1 from GA-DETA microgels was monitored in case of TMP. Besides, Zeta potential measurements in this study suggest that GA-DETA microgels denote a positively charged surface in DI water. Due to this fact, GA-DETA microgels were used as micro reactor in removal study of some negatively charged pollutants such as; chromate(Cr(III)), dichromate(Cr(VI)), arsenate(As(V)), methyl orange(MO), eosin Y(EY) and Congo red(CR) from aqueous media. Thus, 0.05 g feed of GA-DETA microgels show upto 69.80, 99.30 %, 40.0 %, 91.0%, 84.10 % and 73.0 % removal capability for As(V), Cr(VI), Cr(III), MO, EY and CR respectively in 2 Hrs. mixing time. Moreover, kinetic models such as; the Langmuir, the Fruendlich and modified Fruendlich isotherms were applied to the obtained adsorption data and it was concluded that modified Fruendlich model exhibits relatively practical fit for almost all pollutants giving R2 value nearer to unity. Moreover, maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) was determined for all the six pollutants with the numerical values of 217, 256, 271, 143, 130 and 116 mg.g-1 for As (V) Cr(III), Cr(VI), MO, EY and CR respectively. Further, it was observed that the modified Fruendlich isotherm give inclusively best fit for all pollutants showing R2 values of 0.9962, 0.9926, 0.9972, 0.9988, 0.9988 and 0.980 in case of adsorption As(V), Cr(VI), Cr(III), MO, EY and CR respectively.
ہمارا مقصد ِحیات نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم وماخلقت الجن والانس الا لیعبدون صدر ذی وقارمعزز اساتذہ کرام ومعزز سامعین حضرات! آج مجھے جس موضوع پرلب کشائی کرنی ہے وہ ہے:’’ہمارا مقصد حیات‘‘ معزز سامعین! اللہ تعالیٰ نے ہر چیز کوکسی نہ کسی مقصد کے لیے پیدا فرمایا ہے۔ کائنات کی کوئی چیز ایسی نہیں ہے جو بے مقصد پیدا کی گئی ہو۔ حضرت موسی ں نے بارگاہِ رب العزت میں عرض کی کہ یارب العالمین تو نے چھپکلی کوکس لیے پیدا فرمایا۔ اللہ تبارک وتعالیٰ کی طرف سے جواب ملا کہ میرے کلیم تجھ سے پہلے چھپکلی بھی یہی سوال کر چکی ہے کہ توُ نے موسی ں کوکس مقصد کے لیے پیدا فرمایا ہے۔ عربی کا مقولہ ہے: فعل الحکیم لا یخل عن الحکمہ طکہ حکیم کا فعل حکمت سے خالی نہیں ہوتا ۔ یعنی علم کا کوئی فعل بھی حکمت سے خالی نہیں ہوتا۔ معلوم یہ ہوا کہ کائنات کے اندر کوئی ایسی چیز موجود نہیں ہے جو بے مقصد پیدا کی گئی ہو، اب اگر کوئی اس کو اس کے مقصد کے خلاف استعمال کرے گا تو اس کو انسان نہیں بلکہ حیوان کہیں گے۔ مثال کے طور پر ٹوپی سر پر رکھنے کے لیے، جوتا پاؤں میں پہننے کے لیے، گلاس پینے کے لیے، اگالدان تھوکنے کے لیے، جو کوئی ٹوپی کو پاؤں میں اور جوتے کو سر پر رکھے اور اگالدان کو پینے کے لیے اور گلاس کو تھوکنے کے لیے استعمال کرے وہ دیوانہ ہے عقل مندنہیں ،جو کوئی پتھر اور لکڑی کی بے جان مورتیوں کو اپنا کعبہ سمجھنے لگے اور انسان کو جو خالقِ حقیقی کی مخلوق ہے اپنا خدا سمجھنے لگے تو وہ کامیابی اور عزت و عظمت کا تاج بھلا کیسے سر پرسجا سکتا...
This study aims to identify the significance of driver’s socioeconomic demographics (SEDs) in the decision to speed and crash involvement. A questionnaire was designed consisting of a driver’s SEDs, speeding propensity, and crash experience. This questionnaire was conducted with the students and employees of the University of Nizwa and other drivers at the selected locations. A total of 604 usable samples were obtained. Simple frequency distribution and discriminant multivariate analysis were conducted on the driver’s responses. Survey results revealed that about 47.7% of the drivers have experienced a crash. The driver’s gender nationality, profession, age, type of vehicle drive, driving experience, and past crash experience are significant attributes of the driver’s speeding behavior. Ordered probit analysis for speeding behavior and simple probit regression analysis for crash involvement was conducted. The male drivers and those who are under the age of 30 years and have driving experience of more than 3 years have more likelihood to exceed the speed limits than other drivers. Similarly, the driver’s gender, age (≤ 30 years), and those who are employees have a significant correlation with the propensity of crash involvement. Male and young drivers have more likelihood to be involved in a crash.
Human Resource Management of Paktel has significant role to play in the growth of an organization.
Consequently, HRM aspect from induction to its sequential element of development, performance appraisal
and placement has been dilated upon in the report. Data has been ferreted out from the reports, manuals and
related available documents Salary/emoluments have not been made part of the report on account of its
variation affects upon various cadres.
Last part of the report encompasses certain analysis followed by the recommendations. However, it
management puts an efforts to run the organization to best of their ability therefore analysis may be taken as
academic and idealistic to be arrangements but the criticism. Rather avowed admission is being made that HRM
deptartment of Paktel is yielding optimum performance to maintain the role of the organization as viable and
dynamo in its manifestation.
It would be out of place if earnest tribute and appreciation is not extended to the HRM dept for their forthright
assistance and guidance to accomplish the task in a befitting manner without which it would not have been
possible to consummate the ambition of workable report on the organization. I shall remain indebted to the
management in contributing for my personal development of equipping administration knowledge in the
course of this assignment.
It may be confessed vividly that all said about, is not the official version hence management in no way remains
under obligation. However, dedicated attempt has been made to remain as close to the reality of the information
as possible.