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Home > Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Screenings and Catalytic Properties of Organotin Iv Complexes With Carboxylate Ligands

Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Screenings and Catalytic Properties of Organotin Iv Complexes With Carboxylate Ligands

Thesis Info

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Author

Siraj Ud-Din, Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-I-Azam University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1392

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727521562

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In the present study, nine series of organotin(IV) carboxylates have been synthesized by the reaction of tri-, di- and monoorganotin(IV) chlorides or diorganotin(IV) oxides with carboxylate ligands in dry toluene. The ligands used were N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)]-4-oxo-4-[oxy]butanamide (HL1), N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)]-4-oxo-4-[oxy]butanamide (HL2), N-[(4-methoxy-2- nitrophenyl)] -4-oxo-4-[oxy]butanamide (HL4), (HL3), N-[(2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)]-4-oxo-4-[oxy]butanamide N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)]carbamoylbenzoic acid (HL5), N-[(4-methoxy-2- nitrophenyl)]carbamoylbenzoic acid (HL6), N-[(2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)]carbamoylbenzoic acid (HL7), N-[(4-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)]-4-oxo-4-[oxy]butenamide (HL8) and N-[(2- methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)]-4-oxo-4-[oxy]butenamide (HL9). The coordination mode of ligands, structural confirmation and geometry assignment of the complexes both in solid and solution states were made, using different analytical techniques such as FT-IR, multinuclear (1H, 13C and 119 Sn) NMR and X-ray single crystal analysis. Based on these results, the ligands appeared to coordinate the Sn atom through carboxylate moiety. The triorganotin(IV) derivatives mostly demonstrate trigonal bipyramidal geometry both in solid and solution state with few exceptions of tetrahedral geometry. Octahedral geometry was proposed for diorganotin(IV) carboxylates in solution state based on NMR. The interaction of the synthesized compounds with DNA was investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy. A hypochromic effect along with obvious bathochromic shift (red shift) was observed. These are the signs of intercalative mode of interaction. The negative values of ∆G assign the spontaneity of complex-DNA adduct formed. Some of the synthesized complexes were also screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against various medically important bacteria and fungi. The triorganotin(IV) derivatives have bactericidal and fungicidal action more than diorganotin(IV) complexes. Most of the compounds were found to have biological activity comparable to the reference drugs and some were found even more active. These observations suggest that these compounds may be used as bactericides and fungicides in future. The antitumor and anticancer activities of the representative compounds present a new line of antitumor agents and could also serve as a potential source of chemoprotective agent(s) which is the major challenge for the chemists at the present time. The synthesized compounds were also screened for the antileishmanial activity and found that some of the compounds exhibit strong antileishmanial activity even higher than that of standard drug, amphotericin B. This study, therefore, demonstrated the potential use of these compounds as a source of novel agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis. One of the representative series was also screened for in vitro urease inhibition activity against Jack bean urease and some of the compounds showed excellent activity of urease inhibition, even more than the standard drug itself. They were tested for their catalytic activity in biodiesel synthesis. They possess high capability of catalyst in the conversion of corn oil into biodiesel. In present work, an environmentally benign process for the production of biodiesel from corn oil using a heterogeneous catalyst was developed and upto 99% conversion of oil into biodiesel was obtained. Thus the synthesized compounds may be used as one of the best choice catalyst in future.
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تصنیفی وصحافتی زندگی کاآغاز

۱۹۱۸ ء میں وہ بجنور میں اپنے بڑے بھائی ابو الخیر کے پاس چلے گئے۔جہاں انہوں نے صحافت کو بطورپیشہ اپنا لیا۔۱۹۱۹ ء میں جبل پور چلے گئے جہاں انہوں نےکانگرس کے پرچہ ہفت روزہ تاج میں کام شروع کردیا اور ۱۹۲۰ ء تک مدیر کے فرائض انجام دیے۔[[1]]

مولانا کچھ عرصہ تحریک ہجرت میں بھی کام کرتے رہے۔ یہ ۱۹۲۱ ء کا زمانہ تھا کہ مولانا مودودی کا تعارف جمعیت العلمائے ہند کے قائدین مولانا مفتی کفایت اللہ اور مولانا احمد سعید سے ہوگیا۔ وہ مولانا کی صلاحیتوں سے بے حد متاثر ہوئے ۔اور انھیں جمیعت کے اخبار "مسلم" کی ادارت کی ذمہ داریاں سونپ دیں جو انہوں نے ۱۹۲۴ ء تک نبھائیں ۔[[2]]بعد ازاں جب مسلم الجمیعۃ بن گیا تو اس میں مولانا ادار ت کے فرائض انجام دیتے رہے ۔مولانا نے ۱۹۲۵ میں الجمیعۃ کے اداریوں میں "اسلامی قوت کا اصلی سر چشمہ " کے عنوان سے مسلسل مضامین شائع کیے جنھیں شبیر نیاری نے مرتب کیا ۔ ان مضامین کو کتابی شکل میں شائع کیا جس کا نام " اسلام کا سر چشمہ قوت"ہے ۔اس کتاب کے شائع ہونے سے پہلے "الجہاد فی الاسلام " کو ہی مولانا کی پہلی تصنیف خیا ل کیا جاتا ہے ۔[[3]]



[[1]]         ایضا ً۔

[[2]]          عبدالعزیزبلوچ، مفسرین عظام اوران کی تفسیری خصوصیات ، اسلامک پبلی کیشنز، لاہور، ص۱۹۸۔

[[3]]         فقیرمحمد ،اصول تفسیر وتاریخ تفسیر ،ترجمان القرآن، لاہور،۲۰۰۰ء، ص۱۳۳

Relationship Between Selected Variables of Parental Stress During Early Childhood Education

Parental stress is as experience of parents not only because of child-care, but also due to their community and environmental conditions, duties and everyday life. Research focused on investigation of stress among parents related to their children at early-childhood education and to explore the relationship between child’s behavior, parents’ expectations, family relationship, socio-economic status, social support, parental satisfaction and child’s responsibilities. All the parents of the students studying ECE at private schools in the areas of Rawalpindi constituted as the population of this research study. The target population consisted of all the parents of students from 10 randomly selected private schools of Rawalpindi. During scheduled parent-teachers meeting, the parents’ voluntary participation was demanded. Based upon their consent 145 parents of children from 10 private schools at Rawalpindi were available for the sample of study through purposive sampling. A self-developed questionnaire containing items related to seven aspects of parental stress was developed on five-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed with the help of descriptive mean, SD, and Pearson r. The current study shows that highest levels of stress among parents of these children. The economic disadvantage is also a leading cause for parental stress and minor social support tended to report extra parental stress. The results of the study highlighted the understanding of parents’ stress in ECE.

Impact of Teachers Associations on Quality of Education at Secondary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar

The study was conducted to find out the impact of teachers’ associations on quality of education, at secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The main objectives of the study were to find the current nature and status of teachers association, to investigate the flaws and drawbacks of current teachers’ associations, to formulate a strategy for keeping away teachers from practical politics and to create a true trade union spirit. The population of the study consisted of all the principal, teachers, association members and students at secondary level in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Targeted population was taken from five districts namely Abbotabad, Kohat, Mardan, Peshawar and Swat. The sample of the study consisted of 100 principals, 500 teachers, 100 association members and 500 students at secondary level. The primary Data was collected with the help of Questionnaires while the secondary Data was based on the study of relevant documents, books, thesis, journals, articles and review of related literature. The findings based on the statistical evidences indicated that Teachers’ Associations work for the rights of teachers, solve many problems of teachers, work for increase in salary and struggle for educational reforms. However most of them are supported by political parties for their own interest. This research proved that these Teachers’ Associations can successfully influence educational policies, educational budget, educational facilities and educational curriculum. They should solve the problems of teachers equally for the betterment of education system and for the development of society.