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Synthesis, Characterization, Catalytic & Biological Activities of Β-Peptides

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Ullah, Hidayat

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-I-Azam University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1428

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727522008

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β-Amino acids-based peptides have gained much attention in synthetic community forthe last few decades. These acids are more flexible, conformationally more free due to the presence of additional carbon atom in chain and the ability to form more stable secondary structure, which make them a more promising candidate for drug designing in pharmaceutical industry, asymmetric synthesis and organocatalysis. The work presented in this thesis, concerned the synthesis of β-amino acid based- dipeptides, catalytic potential in direct aldol reaction and their biological evaluation. Two different chiral pool approaches were adopted for β3-amino acids’ synthesis; (i) Arndt-Eistert homologation, (ii) Direct homologation. The substitution of synthesized β3-amino acid at C-2 by -NH 2 substituent, (direct α- amination reaction of β3-amino acids). The β-amino acids coupling in solution phase for the preparation of different types of dipeptides resulted, proline-β3-amino ester dipeptides, proline-2, 3-diamino ester dipeptides, β-dipeptides and then screening in asymmetric aldol reactions in environmentally friendly solvents; water, brine and organic solvent (dry THF). The bioassay (Anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and cytotoxicity) of protected β-amino-esters and protected-β-dipeptides was also performed.
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An Investigation of Attitudes, Competencies, and Performance in Research Activities of University Teachers

This blend of descriptive and causal comparative or ex-post facto study in the domain of quantitative approach was aimed to describe and investigate the cause and effect relationships two independent variables, research attitudes and research competencies, with a third dependent variable, performance of university teachers in research. Faculty of public sector general universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan was the population of the study. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 240 teachers from six randomly selected universities. An attitude scale based on five-point Likert technique was developed. Its items were classified into six domains—research orientation, rewards influence research, personal interest, mission of university, research use, and research anxiety. Similarly, a competency scale, with seven factors, knowledge and ability associated with research, awareness of different research types, ability to plan professional-quality research, ability to conduct research analysis, research reporting, proposal writing, and ability to implement aspects of quality research, was formulated. To measure performance an inventory with five performance indicators—publications, dissertation supervised, projects developed, research grants, and paper presented—was framed. Validity was ensured by peer and expert review; and reliability coefficients were 0.76 and 0.73 for attitude and competency scales respectively. Statistical analyses were done by employing averages, percentages, mean ratings, chi-square (χ2), Pearson values, F test, covariance, and regression statistics. Teachers exhibited positive attitudes towards research, and incentives played crucial role in enhancing interest in scholarly activities. Research anxiety did not hamper intellectual activities though significant per cent considered research stressful. Faculty showed efficacy and mastery over different research competencies such as knowledge and ability associated with research in the areas of personal and professional responsibility, awareness of different research types, and to plan professional-quality research. Senior faculty on the average displayed better performance, perhaps in line with longevity of their service and experience. Performance in publications and dissertation supervision was comparatively better as compare to project development, winning over research grants, and paper presentation. Research attitudes and research competencies displayed positive correlation with performance.