The work presented in this thesis involves the synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of carbazoles. Carbazoles, both isolated and synthesized, are privileged heterocyclic compound that are dowered with exclusive properties as photoelectric material, florescent agent, dyes and have tremendous role in medicinal chemistry as antitumor, antimicrobial, antihistaminic, antineoplastic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti HIV agent etc. Carbazole nucleus has been stimulating the researchers to find new pathways for its synthesis and its novel derivatives because of their extensive biological properties especially their amazing pharmacological profile and their role as an emerging antibiotic. The current thesis work was designed based on the documented facts highlighting the incredible applications of carbazole derivatives in the field of chemistry. The work undertaken in this project was divided in two sections. The first portion of section I focuses on synthesis of some known potential carbazole derivatives (140-144 and 146-148) by adopting novel and feasible synthetic protocols affording comparably effective yield. While the second portion presents synthesis of some new carbazole derivatives with efficient synthetic protocols and novelty. Novel carbazoles (149-151) were synthesized and among these compounds 151 was found very reactive towards different functional which strongly assist its further role in design and development progress of carbazoles. 151 was further derivatized to successfully synthesize other novel carbazole derivatives such as 151-157, 163-164, 166-170. All the synthesized compounds were characterized from their spectral analysis i.e., UV, IR, 1 HNMR and mass spectrometry. Having succeeded in attempt to synthesize carbazoles, these compounds were evaluated and discussed for their antibacterial and anti-fungal activities in section II. For the purpose of primary screening by agar well diffusion method reference strains (ATCC) of three microbes Multi resistant staphylococcus aureus (gram positive bacteria), Salmonella typhi (gram negative bacteria) and Candida albicans (fungi) were used and then the minimum inhibitory concentration of each of the synthesized compounds to kill these pathogens was found by agar dilution assay using different clinical isolates of all three microbes. Synthesized carbazoles showed significant activities against the tested microbes ranging from 50mg/mL to 2μg/mL. Thesevii synthesized compounds were having potential to serve as important leads to fight against drug resistant microbes among biologically active carbazoles. O O N O N NH N HN N H NH O N H O 151 O 170 O O N N MeO N NH N H OMe 166 Some synthesized novel carbazoles
حکیم عبدالقوی دریا بادی ماہِ اکتوبر ۹۲ء میں ا یسی ۳ عالم ہستیاں اس دار فانی سے کوچ کرگئیں جن کا غم و افسوس مدتوں ہوتا رہے گا۔حکیم عبدالقوی دریابادی اورمولانا حامد اﷲ الانصاری غازی مختصر سی علالت کے بعد انتقال فرماگئے ۔ انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ حکیم عبدالقوی دریابادی مولانا عبدالماجد دریا بادی کے بھتیجے اور داماد تھے۔ ان میں علم وقابلیت اس قدر تھی کہ ان کی سادگی وقناعت پسندی نے اس کو چھپا رکھاتھا ۔مشرقی ومغربی علوم میں انھیں ملکہ حاصل تھا۔انگریزی زبان میں بے تکلف لکھاکرتے تھے، اردو فارسی اور عربی میں تو ملکہ حاصل تھا ہی۔کتنے ہی اردو اخبارات کے اداریے بغیرنام کے لکھا کرتے تھے۔ فاضل طب تھے ایم۔ اے کی ڈگری اعلیٰ نمبروں سے انہوں نے حاصل کی اس کے باوجود کبھی بھی انہوں نے اپنی قابلیت کارعب یاسکّہ جمانے کی کوشش نہیں کی۔حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانیؒ سے ان کو قلبی لگاؤ تھا ۔ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی کی طرف سے جب مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانیؒ کی یاد میں مفکّر ملّت شائع کیاگیا تواس میں حکیم عبدالقوی دریابادی نے خصوصی طور پر اپنامضمون اشاعت کے لیے ارسال فرمایا۔ ’’صدق جدید‘‘ لکھنؤ کوانھوں نے مرحوم دریابادی کے بعد جس طرح جاری رکھا وہ مولانا عبد الماجد دریابادی ؒ کی یادگاررہے گا۔ اﷲ انھیں کروٹ کروٹ جنت نصیب فرمائے۔ [نومبر ۱۹۹۲ء]
Among different creations of Allāh, Jinnāt have their own independent existence. By essence, they neither belong to the human race nor to the angelic world. One commonality between Jinnāt and human beings is that they both are provided with consciousness and can practice their own free-will in terms of choosing what is right and what is wrong, while angles are deprived of this ability. Jinnāt are mentioned in numerous places in the Qur’ān and the Aḥādīth of the Prophet SAW, so much so that it would be unreasonable to deny their existence. Henceforth, the scholars from every period of time have acknowledged their existence and it wouldn’t be wrong to claim that they all share almost similar views on them. Likewise, every Muslim group acknowledged their existence with the exception of Jahmīyah and Mu‘tazilah. As far as Jews and Christians are concerned, they too like Muslims believe in the existence of Jinnāt. To summarize, it is proven by means of multiplicity (Tawātur) of report from all the Prophets and Messengers and therefore, every follower of the heavenly religion has some sort of belief in the existence of Jinnāt. As far as their influence on the human beings is concerned, there are three major views prevailing among Muslims. There are those who completely deny their existence and therefore, do not in anyway acknowledge their influence on human life. Then there are those who do believe in their existence but are of the opinion that they remain aloof from human beings and therefore, have no influence on the human life. The third opinion which is the opinion of the majority of the scholars is that not only Jinnāt exist but they have the power to influence and affect human beings as well. In this treatise, the opinion of the proponents of the third view is analyzed and their evidences from Qur’ān and Sunnah are discussed.
In this dissertation we have developed the theory of M-Sagbi bases in Convergent power series ring and created a criterion through which we can check whether a set of power series is a M-Sagbi basis or not. Moreover, we have constructed an algorithm to compute Sagbi basis through M-Sagbi basis