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Home > Synthesis, Spectral Analysis and Pharmacological Studies on New Organic Molecules Containing 1- 2-Furoyl Piperazine Moiety

Synthesis, Spectral Analysis and Pharmacological Studies on New Organic Molecules Containing 1- 2-Furoyl Piperazine Moiety

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Hussain, Ghulam

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13024/1/Ghulam_Hussain_Chemistry_HSR_2017_GCU_Lahore_22.11.2017.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727525611

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The heterocyclic molecules have greatly influenced the pharmaceutical industries due to their bioactivity potential. The discovery of new drug candidates has been the burning issue of all the times owing to new emerging diseases. Heterocyclic Chemistry has been involved exlusively in the field of organo-pharmaceutical drug discovery program. Owing to the reported potential of piperazine, amide, sulfonamide, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and carbamate moieties, the present work was designed to synthesize some new multi-functional molecules encompassing different bioactive functionalties including furan, piperazine, acetamide, propanamide, hexanamide, sulfonamide, ether, ester, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and carbamates. The synthesized molecules have been subjected to evaluation of their antibacterial, antifungal, enzyme inhibition and hemolytic potential. Furthermore, enzyme inhibition potential results have been supported by computational docking in order to find the types of interactions with the active site of involved enzymes. Thirteen (13) schemes have been used to demonstrate the synthesis of one hundred and nine (109) compounds. In scheme-1 to 3, different substituted phenyl amines (1a-t) were stirred with 2-bromoacetyl bromide (2), 3-bromopropionyl bromide (6) and 6-bromohexanoyl bromide (9) in basic medium to yield 2-bromo-N-(substituted phenyl)acetamides (3a-t), 3-bromo-N-(substitutedphenyl)propanamides (7a-q) and 6-bromo-N-(substitutedphenyl)hexamides (10a-g) as electrophiles. The synthesized electrophiles were treated with 1-(2-furoyl)piperazine (4) to acquire final compounds as 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-(substitutedphenyl)acetamides (5a-r), 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-(substitutedphenyl)propanamides (8a-q) and 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-(substitutedphenyl)hexamides (11a-g). In scheme-4 and 5, different substituted phenyl amines (1a-h) were stirred with 4-chloromethylbenzoyl chloride (12) and 3-chloromethylbenzoyl chloride (15) in basic medium to yield 4-(chloromethyl)-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (13a-h) and 3-(chloromethyl)-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (16a-h) as electrophiles. The synthesized electrophiles were treated with 4 to acquire final compounds as 4-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl] methyl}-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (14a-h) and 3-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl}-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (17a-h). In scheme-6 to 8, {4-[(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1-piperazinyl}(2-furyl)methanone (19) was synthesized by stirring 4 and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonyl chloride (18) in a basic medium. The compound 19 was refluxed with different previously electrophiles, 13a-h, 16a-h and acylhalides (22a-g) to synthesize 4-[(2,4-dichloro-6-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl}phenoxy)methyl]-N-(substituted phenyl) benzamides (20a-h), 3-[(2,4-dichloro-6-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]sulfonyl} phenoxy)methyl]-N-(substitutedphenyl)benzamides (21a-h) and O-acyl derivatives (23a-g). In scheme-9 and 10, different 5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (28a-g) were sytnthesized from corresponding aryl carboxylic acids (25a-g) through esterification and hydrazide formation. Two electrophiles, {4-[4-(chloromethyl)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl}(2-furyl)methanone (24) and {4-[3-(chloromethyl)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl}(2-furyl)methanone (30) were synthesized in basic medium by the reaction of 4 with 12 and 15. The synthesized electrophiles, 24 and 30, were refluxed with 28a-g to prepare {4-[4-({[5-(substituted)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl} (2-furyl) methanone (29a-g) and {4-[3-({[5-(substituted)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl)benzoyl]-1-piperazinyl} (2-furyl) methanone (31a-g). In scheme-11, the secondary amines (32a-h) were stirred with 4-bromomethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (33) in a basic medium to get sulfonamides, 34a-h, as electrophiles. These electrophiles were refluxed with 4 in acetonitrile in the presence of K2CO3 to get a series of 1-{[1-(2-furoyl)piperazin-4-yl]methyl}phenyl-4-sulfonyl substituted secondary amines (35a-h). In scheme-12 and 13, bromoalkyl amines (36 and 43) were stirred with phenyl chloroformate (22e) in a basic medium to yield phenyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate (37) and phenyl 3-bromopropylcarbamate (44). These two compounds were subjected to nitration and bromination to acquire 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate (39), 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate (41), 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 3-bromopropylcarbamate (46) and 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 3-bromopropyl carbamate (48). All these electrophiles were refluxed with 4 to synthesize a series of carbamates, phenyl 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethylcarbamate (38), 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethylcarbamate (40), 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethylcarbamate (42), phenyl 3-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]propyl carbamate (45), 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 3-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]propylcarbamate (47) and 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 3-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]propylcarbamate (49). The synthesized compounds were initially checked through thin layer chromatography (TLC) and then finally corroborated through spectral data of IR (Infra Red), 1H-NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), 13C-NMR (Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and EI-MS (Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry). Some spectra are also given for structural elucidation in the discussion section of chapter 4. The compounds are also characterized by the physical data of like color, state, yield, melting points (not for sticky solids), molecular formula and molecular mass. The pharmacological screening of synthesized molecules included the evaluation of their antibacterial and enzyme inhibition potential. The antibacterial potential against different bacterial strains was conducted through two methods including dilution and disc diffusion. Activity through dilution method was compared with Ciprofloxacin and that with disc diffusion method was compared with Rifamicin. Antifungal activity was also tested through disc diffusion method in comparison of Fluconazole. The enzyme inhibition potential was evaluated against α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with reference of Acarbose, Eserine and Eserine respectively. The pharmacological screening results were also aided by % hemolytic activity for toxicity of compounds with reference to PBS (phosphate buffer saline) and Triton X-100. Molecular docking study was also conducted for enzyme inhibition data in order to explain the types of interactions with the active site of the considered enzyme by the most active compounds. Among the synthesized one hudred and nine (109) compounds, a number of compounds have exhibited pharmacological activity potential. The structure activity relationship (SAR) of these compounds has been demonstrated explicatively in chapter 4 under discussion section. The most potent antibacterial agents and enzyme inhibitors with least toxicity might be subjected to in vivo study for further analysis as drug candidates. These compounds might be considerable for the pharmacological industries as new drug candidates for drug discovery program.
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ڈاکٹر صابر کلوروی

ڈاکٹر صابر کلوروی مرحوم
شبلی ڈگری کالج اعظم گڑھ کے علامہ شبلی سمینار میں پاکستان کا ایک وفد جناب ریاض مجید کی قیادت میں آیا تھا، ڈاکٹر عبدالعزیز ساحر اور محترمہ رابعہ سرفراز کے ساتھ ایک شخصیت ڈاکٹر صابر کلوروی کی تھی، متین، کم سخن لیکن کشش کے مالک، شبلی کی تنقید نگاری کے عنوان سے ان کے مقالے نے بڑی داد حاصل کی۔
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In any society, the administration has the status of a pillar, and its good or bad move directly impacts society. There are institutions to compensate public complaints on government initiatives in many countries of the world that keep check on government administrations. For this purpose "Federal Ombudsman" was established in Pakistan. The main responsibilities of this institution include the execution to enjoin the right and forbid the wrong (Amr bil Ma’rūf wal Nahi ‘An al Munkar), monitoring government employees in administrative matters, hearing the complaints of the public against organizations and preventing them from violating individual rights. In this article, it has been reviewed that how we can seek guidance from the Sīrah of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) is in this matter, to evaluate the present system of "Federal Ombudsman". In addition, the main responsibilities of the "Federal Ombudsman" were discussed in the article. In conclusion recommendations have been made for further improvement.

Traffic Intensity Based Efficient Packet Scheduling

Minimum end-to-end delay, packet delay variations or packet jitter, and packet drop for given throughput in fixed and wireless networks are well-known important factors. These factors play important role in achieving better Quality of Service (QoS). Furthermore, these also have evident effects on network utilization, efficiency and better Quality of Experience (QoE) for services being carried over networks. Traffic intensities (TI) are generally used for dimensioning and capacity planning in telecom networks. Generally, TI depends on point of presence (POP) and its characteristics. These characteristics include type of area served, customer density, usage pattern and grade of service (GOS). Most of time, for TI in busiest hour is used to determine required capacities of network resources. This thesis research work extends concept of traffic intensity for period-to-period base rather than busiest hour and utilize traffic intensity being offered for packet scheduling in wireless and wired networks. This will provide an opportunity to manage packet forwarding decisions based on dynamics of planned Traffic intensities for given POP and will enable us optimize forwarding decisions and hence optimize delay, jitter, drop behavior of network nodes. To evaluate effects of packet scheduling based on TI, a model network was simulated using NS2 and Traffic Intensity Based Packet Scheduling (TIPS) algorithm was used to schedule packets from various sources to common destination. During analysis impact on end-to-end delay, jitter, and throughput and drop behavior of network nodes was evaluated and compared with various other available approaches. It is found that TIPS offers optimized results for better QoS and network utilization as compared to existing packet scheduling approaches like Drop Tail, Round Robin, Deficit Round Robin, RED and SFQ. This thesis document will provide details of packet scheduling methodology, TIPS algorithm, simulation results and their comparison with above packet scheduling algorithms.