This is the first report study presenting a detailed account on systematics of medicinally important Papilionaceous flora in Pakistan. The study is confined to leaf epidermal anatomy, pollen and seed morphology along with medicinal uses of Papilionaceous taxa. In total, 84 plant species belonging to 36 genera and 21 tribes were collected from different areas of Pakistan. The tribe Vicieae with highest number of genera (5) and genus Medicago with highest number of species (8) were reported. In selected Papilionaceous taxa, the leaves were morphologically pinnate or imparipinnate type with cuneate to mucronate leaf base while in Crotalaria medicaginea Lam. sub truncate base was observed.Fruit generally pod in studied taxa except genus Desmodium with lomentum fruit. Regarding leaf epidermal anatomy, generally irregular cells with epicuticular wax deposition were observed. Peltate glands were reported in Desmodium concinnum DC., Desmodium triflorum(L.) DC. and Medicago orbicularis(L.) Bartal. Amphistomatic leaves with anomocytic stomata were dominant in studied taxa. Galndular trichomes were characteristic feature observed in Sophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides and Desmodium laxiflorum DC. The dominant pollen shape observed in Papilionaceous taxa was prolate with bicolpoate aperturation pattern. The dominant seed shape observed was oval to round with striate seed sculpturing pattern in studied plant taxa. Only Medicago monantha(C. A. Mey) Trautv. bears smooth seed surface. Taxonomic keys based on morphology, leaf epidermal anatomy, palynology and seed morphology were developed for identification of Papilionaceous taxa. The findings of ethnomedicinal study revealed that the most widely treated disease categorywas gastrointestinal disorder (GIT 37.2%) with decoction as preferred mode of utilization (40.5%). Highest RFC was reported for Vicia monantha Retz. (0.63 %) and UV for Clitoria ternatea L.(0.167). Based on present findings of palyno-morphology, anatomy, seed morphology (LM & SEM) and ethnomedicinal uses about Papilionaceous taxa, the study may provide baseline taxonomic information for correct identification. The taxonomic keys developed on the basis of morphology, leaf anatomy, palynology and seed morphology were useful for classification and delimitation of selected taxa within subfamily Papilionoidae. The study further recommends correlating this data with phylogenetic information in order to use at global perspective for systematics of subfamily Papilionoidae.