سیالکوٹ ایک تاریخی اور ادبی خطہ رہا ہے۔ اس کی تاریخ پانچ ہزار سال پر محیط ہے۔یہ خطہ جغرافیائی لحاظ سے اس مقام پر واقع ہے جہاں کئی آبی گذرگاہیں ہیں۔ کشمیر اور پنجاب کے دیگر تجارتی شہروں سے اس کا قریبی رابطہ ہے۔ سیالکوٹ تاریخی، ثقافتی، سماجی، تہذیبی، علمی اور ادبی لحاظ سے لاہور اور دوسرے ادبی، ثقافتی، تہذیبی، تاریخی اور علمی شہروں سے کسی طور پر بھی کم نہیں۔ اس شہر کی ثقافت توانائی اور رنگا رنگی لیے ہوئے ہے۔ یہاں کے میلے ٹھیلے، روایتی تہوار اور دیگر ثقافتی سرگرمیاں اس خطے کو ہمیشہ ممتاز کرتی رہی ہیں۔
سیالکوٹ کو اقبال و فیض کے مولد ہونے کا لا زوال فخر حاصل ہے۔ یہ ایک صنعتی شہر ہے ۔اس کی آبادی تقریباً تیس لاکھ سے زیادہ نفوس پر مشتمل ہے سر زمین سیالکوٹ صدیوں کی انسانی تہذیب و تمدن اور ادب و ثقافت کا عظیم الشان گہوارہ ہے۔ اس دھرتی کے تاریخی آثار مدت سے مورخین و ماہرین آثار قدیمہ کی دلچسپی کا سامان بھی رہے ہیں۔ یہاں کی تہذیب ٹیکسلا اور موہنجو ڈارو کی تہذیبوں کے ہم پلہ ہے۔
سیالکوٹ کی مٹی بڑی زرخیز اور مردم خیز ہے۔سرزمین سیالکوٹ نے علم و ادب اور فنون لطیفہ کے میدانوں میں گراں قدر خدمات سرانجام دی ہیں۔ اس خطے کے باشندوں نے پاکستان کی صنعتی و اقتصادی ترقی کے ساتھ ساتھ علم و فن کی خدمت بھی جاری رکھی۔ ماضی میں ملا کمال کشمیری، ملا عبدالحکیم سیالکوٹی، امین حزیں سیالکوٹی، اثر صہبائی، مرزا ریاض اور غلام الثقلین نقوی نے علمی وادبی حوالے سے سیالکوٹ کا نام روشن کیا۔ مولوی میر حسن، مولوی ابراہیم میر، ڈاکٹر جمشید راٹھور اور یوسف سلیم چشتی نے علم کی پیاس بجھائی۔ڈاکٹر وحیدقریشی سیالکوٹ کے ادبی ماحول کے بارے میں رقمطراز ہیں۔
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Colonialism is strictly referred to the policies and Methods by an Imperial Power maintained and extended its control over the territories or People. A policy of extending a Country’s Power and influence through diplomacy or military. It also affects the literature of the Subject Country which is controlled by the colonialist. This Article Present an analysis of Colonial system and its impact for migration and its hurdles in Urdu Poem.
A project was executed on leading cut flower crop, the rose, as it is leading cut flower crop in the country and enjoys high demand in both national and international markets. During last few years, there is an increasing trend in rose cut flower production in Punjab and according to a survey, 1,300 acres of land is under rose cut flower crop in Punjab which is 68% of total area under cut roses in Pakistan. In this study, major rose growing areas of Punjab were surveyed on a detailed questionnaire to develop a profile of growers’ practices and to identify their problems. On the basis of findings of this survey, physiological pre and postharvest assays were carried out to optimize rose cut flower production and handling in the country. It was observed that majority of rose growers in Punjab were illiterate, had small land holdings, were ignorant of modern techniques of cut flower production & handling and need training in both soil & nutrient management as well as postharvest handling. Regarding pre harvest experiments, different cultivars of Rosa hybrida were compared by growing in greenhouse vs. open field and observed that greenhouse cultivation enhanced growth, yield & quality as compared to open field production. Rosy Cheeks & Whisky Mac were vigorously growing & high yielding cultivars followed by Anjleeq whereas Kardinal and Amalia produced good quality flowers in greenhouse. Growing media were standardized by using traditional media amended with organic agricultural wastes. Press mud proved better agricultural waste to be used as growing media for cut roses as it enhanced flower yield and quality. In this survey, soil salinity was pointed out as a major problem in rose cultivation which not only reduced growth but also hampered absorption of various nutrients from soil. To optimize pre- harvest salinity tolerance and micronutrients requirements, two experiments were conducted and observed that roses are salt sensitive plants and when salinity level was raised than 2.5 dSm -1 , growth, yield and quality was reduced. Kardinal and Anjleeq xxiiiperformed slightly better as compared to Gold medal. In case of micronutrients, foliar spray of Boron, Zn & Fe improved flower yield & quality alongwith vegetative growth. Three experiments were conducted to standardize various preservatives, storage modes, temperatures and packing materials to enhance longevity and keeping quality of Rosa hybrida. Sucrose (4%) in combination with ascorbic acid (600 mgL -1 ), acetyl salicylic acid (100 mgL -1 ) or salicylic acid (200 mgL -1 ) proved best treatments as preservative while pulsing with 0.5mM STS solution proved better than un-pulsed for extending vase life. Wet storage was better than dry storage and 1±1°C storage delayed senescence followed by 5±1°C for extending vase life of cut rose flowers. Flower packaging in corrugated cardboard boxes lined with cellophane paper was proved better for storage and transportation as compared to growers’ package and wrapping in newspaper or placement in wooden crates which are common methods of cut rose packaging and transportation in our country at the moment. On the basis of findings of this study, it is suggested that Rose growers should be provided training regarding modern techniques of rose cut flower production & postharvest management. Other media like coco coir and municipal compost should also be tested along with press mud and rice hulls for greenhouse rose production. Role of growth regulators should also be investigated to enhance vase life of Rosa hybrida. Further studies on postharvest behavior of Rosa hybrida should be continued to compare seasonal behavior.