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Home > Th Spati He Io-Temp Poral Di Istribut Tion an Susta Nd Ainable Ma Anagem Ment of Jassid A J Amrasca Bigutt Ca Ttulabig Guttula a Homop Ptera: Cicadell Lidae O Brinj on Jal Sola Anum Me Elongen L. in Na Nthe Pun Njab, Pa Akistan

Th Spati He Io-Temp Poral Di Istribut Tion an Susta Nd Ainable Ma Anagem Ment of Jassid A J Amrasca Bigutt Ca Ttulabig Guttula a Homop Ptera: Cicadell Lidae O Brinj on Jal Sola Anum Me Elongen L. in Na Nthe Pun Njab, Pa Akistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhammad Ali

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Natural Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1515

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727566098

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Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.), is the most important traditional and commercial vegetable in the Punjab, Pakistan. Jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttulaL.)is a sucking pest of brinjal and has many host-crops, making an intensive vegetable production impossible. Study was conducted to determine spatio temporal distribution of jassid on the brinjal crop in the three sites (districts) i.e Faisalabad, Multan and Layyah during 2008. The population of jassid per leaf was counted on the weekly based and correlated with the weather factors. The highest level of population were maximum in Layyah (4.12/leaf), minimum in Multan (3.53/Leaf) and Faisalabad showed the intermediate development of the jassid population (3.89/leaf). The simple correlation showed that maximum, minimum and average temperature of all three areas viz Faisalabad, Multan and Layyah showed the positive and highly significant correlation with jassid. The relative humidity of Faisalabad was significant but negative correlation and its rain fall has negative but non significant correlation. While district Multan and Layyah both showed the negative and non-significant correlation with the relative humidity and rain fall. Next study was experimented in 2009 and 2010 in the field area of Post Graduate Agricultural Research Station (PARS) University of Agriculture, Faisalabad for initial screening on 14 varieties of brinjal which showed the significant and different results from each other. The experiments were laid in RCBD with the 3 replication. The data was taken at weekly based. The data was correlated with weather factors for the population fluctuation. In the initial screening trial during 2009, the data was highly significant between the genotypes, dates of observations. Minimum populations were present at the Rubi (1.43/leaf) which showed the resistance response and the maximum populations of jassid were showed at the Bemissal (3.38/leaf) which showed the susceptible response. In the final screening experiment during 2010 the all genotype mostly showed the same type of observation as in 2009. Bemissal (3.36/leaf) recorded the maximum jassid population and the minimum numbers of jassid were recorded to be 1.42/ leaf on Rubi. The fruit yield were recorded maximum in the Rubi (81.00kg/plot) which showed the resistance response and minimum was recorded in the Bemissal (44.66kg/plot) which showed the susceptible response during 2009. The different physio-morphic characters which were recorded during 2010 i.e Hair density, length of hairs on lamina midrib and vein leaves showed negative and significant correlation with pest population of jassid on brinjal. Similarly moister % and plant height showed the negative correlation but significant in moister and non significant in plant height. While leaf area, number of primary branches and thickness of leaf lamina showed the positive and significant correlation with the jassid population. Hair density on lamina showed 78.2% role in the fluctuation population of brinjal jassid. The all chemical plant characters showed significant diffractions between the selected varieties. nitrogen, lipids, potassium, reducing sugar, phosphorus, calcium zinc, ADF, Cellulose, NDF, and Crude Fat showed negative and significant correlation but potassium and phosphorus has non-significant correlation. Whereas Ash contents, crude protein, copper, magnesium, Lignin had significant and positive correlation with the jassid population. The different control methods were applied such as use of resistance variety (Rubi, a comparatively resistant variety), cultural control, Biological control, Botanical control and the chemical insecticide in PARS and AARI during 2011. The experiment was laid in RCBD with the four replications. The applications of the treatments were done 3 times. To get the yield, picking has been done seven times in season. A mixture of treatments (Cultural control + spray with Imidacloprid + Tobacco extract + surfactant) showed the most successful results with the minimum jassid population/leaf on brinjal. While minimum control was shown in the cultural control with the high population of jassid. The combination of cultural control+ spray with imidacloprid + Tobacco extract + surfactant showed maximum yield of on the brinjal (166kg/plot) and minimum was recorded in the cultural control (91.97kg/ha). Application of treatment T11 gave the highest Cost Benefit Ratio 1:79 as compared to all others treatments.
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مرے دل پروہ نئے زخم لگانے آئے

میرے دل پر وہ نئے زخم لگانے آئے
جب بھی آئے ہیں وہ احسان جتانے آئے

یاد پھر مجھ کو وہ بھولی ہوئی باتیں آئیں
یاد پھر مجھ کو وہ بچپن کے زمانے آئے

پوری خواہش نہ ہوئی، دل میں یہ حسرت ہی رہی
ہم جو روٹھیں تو کوئی ہم کو منانے آئے

جانے کیوں پھر ہے طبیعت مری بوجھل بوجھل
چین کیوں پھر نہ مرے دل کو نہ جانے آئے

کیوں یہ احساس مجھے ہونے لگا ہے تائبؔ
جیسے ہم دنیا میں ہیں رنج اٹھانے آئے

Performance of Banking Industry After Privatization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Mcb Bank Limited

This research work aims to investigate the impact of privatization on the performing efficiency of MCB Bank Limited Privatization and the phenomenon of denationalization after the failure of socialism and communism globally. As the direction of enteritis was predetermined by state which in long term affected the performance of state-owned entities on many fronts even they reached at the verge of collapse and state was compelled to inject capital for their survival. Ultimately the state took drastic steps and initiated the process of denationalization and privatization to keep the industry intact in the changed scenario. In 1974, during Z.A. Bhutto regime Pakistan’s banking industry was nationalized with prime objective to address the issues of backward segments of economy but unfortunately after privatization industry was used for political motives and witnessed poor performance and financial indiscipline due to frequent interference in the affairs of banks particularly in lending activities and hiring of inefficient human resources. Resultantly banks failed to deliver as per expectation of masses and could not deliver quality customer services on one hand and accumulation of infected portfolio on the other which in turn swallowed the profitability and the capital of banks. It is revealed that bank has tremendously performed in all Key Performing Indicators, it has improved its profitability manifold, deposit base is significantly enhanced and became more liquid and solvent.

Effect of Phytase Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Catla Catla Fingerlings Fed Moringa By-Products Based Diets

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