میری بات
ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب
کتاب بینی کا شوق کالج کے زمانے سے ہی شروع ہو گیا تھا۔ کیونکہ کالج کے مقابلہ مضمون نویسی بعنوان( پاکستان میں مرغی اور انڈے کی پیداوار) میں حصہ لینے کے لیے تیاری کے سلسلے میں زرعی یونیورسٹی فیصل آباد جاکر کافی کتب پڑھنے کا موقع ملا۔خدائے وحدہ لاشریک کا کروڑہا بار شکر ہے جس کی کرم نوازی سے مجھے اس مقابلہ مضمون نویسی میں پہلے انعام کا حقدار قرار دیا گیا۔ اس انعام سے حوصلہ پا کر میں اکثر چھوٹے چھوٹے مضامین لکھتا رہتا تھا۔ کیونکہ بنیادی طور پر میں پنجابی زبان و ادب کا استاد اور طالب علم ہوں اس لئے اردو زبان و ادب کا مطالعہ واجبی سا رہا۔ میں 1988 جب فرائض منصبی کی ادائیگی کے لئے گورنمنٹ کالج بہاولنگر گیا تو وہاں کی ادبی فضا نے اردو زبان و ادب کے مطالعہ کا موقع فراہم کیا۔ میرے کالج کے ساتھی پروفیسر راؤ مختار شعبہ اردو کی شاعری کی کتاب پر پہلا تنقیدی مضمون اردو میں لکھا جو بعد میں مقامی اخبار میں بھی شائع ہوا۔ پروفیسر موصوف کی حوصلہ افزائی سے اردو لکھنے کی تحریک پیدا ہوئی۔ اب تک بہت سے تنقیدی و تحقیقی مضمون لکھ چکا ہوں۔ جن میں سے تین مضامین اٹلی اور آسٹریلیا سے نکلنے والے اردو جرائد میں میں شائع ہو چکے ہیں۔ کیونکہ دوست اکثر اپنی اردو تخلیقات بھیجتے رہتے ہیں اس لئے ان کو پڑھنے کے بعد جو کچھ محسوس کیا اسے الفاظ کے پیراہن میں آپ کے سامنے رکھ دیا ہے۔
کتابی صورت اردو میں میری یہ پہلی کوشش ہے۔ میرا اردو کا ذخیرہ الفاظ بھی زیادہ نہیں جس کی وجہ سے میری تمام تحریروں میں آپ کو بے شمار غلطیاں نظر آئیں گی۔ میری خواہش ہوگی کہ...
Abstract By preserving and narrating hadīth, a chain of narrators was started to maintain its authenticity. When the experts of hadīth realized that some unreliable transmitters might try to fabricate Hadīth, this work started more systematically. Even the chain gradually attained such importance that every Muhaddīth was concerned much about it. In the second century of Hijra, when the teaching and learning of hadīth became the standard of honor and great respect, some people devoted their lives to this work. They travelled to many countries of world and obtained the knowledge of Hadīth from prominent scholars of their time. Experts of Asmā-ul-Rijāl awarded them the certificate of holding the highest position of trust and credibility. The chains having such trustworthy transmitters are considered to be of higher rank than others. Among such traditions there is also one "Mālik-an-Nāfi'-an-Ibn-e-Umar". Due to the reliability of its narrators, Imām Bukhāri and many other Muhaddithīn considered it as "golden chain". When some of the Orientalists started raising objections to the Prophetic Hadīth, they criticized the narrators of the Hadīth as well. Especially the narrators who were declared trustworthy and reliable by Muslim scholars. For this, they especially criticized Abu Hūraira from among the companions and Imām Zuhri among the Successors. The chain of hadīth, (Mālik an-Nāfi' an-Ibn e Umar) “golden chain” was also seriously criticized by Joseph Schacht and Juynboll etc. In this article, a comparative study of the viewpoints of the Muhaddithīn and the Orientalists regarding the chain “Mālik an-Nāfi' an-Ibn eUmar” is presented.
The aim of this study is to testify the affiliation between motivation and employees performance by taking job
satisfaction as mediator in Pakistan International Airlines. In this cross sectional study, about 200 participants
including Officers and Staff of Pakistan International Airlines based at Peshawar were served using
questionnaire technique. Sample of 200 participants were randomly selected. The information so collected was
analyzed using regression & correlation techniques through SPSS.
The research model was including three key variables like motivation (Independent Variable), job satisfaction
(Mediator) and finally employee performance (Dependent Variable). Total three questionnaires were adopted
from various sources and thus utilized for each variable in the research study. Data was then encoded in the
SPSS and similarly reliability analysis was also done during this process.
Regression Analysis was utilized for knowing the prediction of one variable with the other variables while
correlation analysis was materialized to check the association between variables. The results were matching
to the previously research done on this project and showed that there was relationship between independent
and dependent variable of the research model. Likewise the mediating variable also showed a significant
relationship between independent and dependent and also performed as a bridge between independent and
dependent variable of this research project.
The results revealed affirmative correlation between motivation, job satisfaction and employees performance.
Moreover, the results shows that participants are highly motivated which positively influences their job
satisfaction. Consequently, increase in job satisfaction raises the stage of the performance of labor force in
Pakistan International Airlines, Peshawar.