سید ہاشم علی اختر صاحب
افسوس ہے کہ ۱۴؍ جون ۲۰۰۳ء کو جناب سید ہاشم علی اختر شکاگو میں وفات پاگئے، اناﷲ و انا الیہ راجعون۔
وہ جامعہ عثمانیہ کے مایہ ناز فرزند، حیدرآباد کے نام ور شخص اور ملک کے بڑے دانشور تھے، ان کو ملک کی دو شہرہ آفاق یونیورسٹیوں جامعہ عثمانیہ حیدرآباد اور علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی کا وائس چانسلر ہونے کا فخر بھی حاصل ہوا۔
جناب ہاشم علی اختر کی پیدائش ۶؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۲۴ء کو حیدرآباد میں ہوئی تھی، شروع کی تعلیم مدرسوں میں ہوئی، ۱۹۳۸ء میں انہوں نے جامعہ عثمانیہ سے بی ایس سی اور ۱۹۴۴ء میں ایم ایس سی کیا، ان کی طبیعت کا رجحان علم و تعلیم کی طرف تھا، اس لیے شروع میں درس و تدریس ہی کے پیشے سے وابستہ ہوئے، پہلے سٹی ہائی اسکول میں مدرس ہوئے پھر سٹی کالج میں جونیئر لکچرر ہوئے، مگر ان میں نظم و نسق کی صلاحیت بھی بہ درجہ اتم تھی، اس لیے جلد ہی انتظامی شعبے سے ان کا تعلق ہوگیا اور ۱۹۴۶ء میں وہ حیدرآباد سیول سروس کے لیے منتخب ہوگئے، اس کے بعد آئی۔اے۔ایس کے لیے ان کا انتخاب ہوا اور ڈپٹی کلکٹر کے عہدے پر تقرر ہوا جس سے ترقی کرتے ہوئے پرنسپل سکریڑی کے عہدے پر فائز ہوئے۔
ہاشم صاحب کو نظم و نسق کا اچھا سلیقہ تھا، ایک کامیاب اور نیک نام آئی اے ایس آفیسر کی حیثیت سے ان کو بڑی عزت و شہرت ملی، سکریٹریٹ کی اچھی کارکردگی اور خوش انتطامی ہی کی وجہ سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد حکومت نے ۱۹۸۲ء میں انہیں جامعہ عثمانیہ حیدرآباد کا وائس چانسلر مقرر کردیا، ابھی اس کی میعاد مکمل نہیں ہوئی تھی کہ ۱۹۸۵ء میں علی گڑھ یونیورسٹی کے وائس چانسلر کے لیے ان کا انتخاب ہوگیا۔
وائس چانسلر کی حیثیت سے ان کی کارکردگی...
Throughout history, Interfaith Dialogue has been a continuous activity in Muslims and Christians alike. According to the historian, incident of Wafad-e-Najran[i] (Najran’s Delegation) was the first ever regular interaction between Muslims and Christians. Therefore, this incident has an academic and historic importance in Muslim -Christian perspectives. The Holy Quran describes this incident in detail. First 80 verses of Surah Ale-Imran were revealed in this context. Further information is found in the books of Hadith, Seerah and Islamic History. This incident can become a base for modern Muslim- Christian Dialogue and we can derive from it some basic principles of Dialogue. This article elaborates the incident of Wafad-e-Najran, its importance and also derives some important rules from it. These principles are: interfaith tolerance, harmony, communication, understandings, peaceful co-existence, honour and respect, wisdom and beautiful reasoning, common basis for interfaith dialogue, Daw’ah and perfection of Hujjah. This article also describes its applications in the Present Dialogue. [i] Wafad-e-Najran: It is an Arabic word, used in Hadith History and other Islamic literature. It is meant by Najran’s Delegation and I shall use throughout the article as Wafad-e-Najran.
In the present study, four series of copper(II) carboxylates mixed with N-donor ligands have been synthesized by treating copper sulfate with a carboxylate moiety followed by reacting it with an N-donor compound in an aqueous medium. The carboxylate ligands used were substituted phenyl acetic acids [4–methyl (1, 1a, 1b, 1c), 4–H (2, 2a, 2b, 2c), 4–methoxy (3, 3a, 3b, 3c), 4–bromo (4, 4a, 4b, 4c), 4–chloro (5, 5a, 5b, 5c), 4–floro (6, 6a, 6b, 6c), 4–nitro (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) and 2–nitro (8, 8a, 8b, 8c)] while the N-donor ligands were pyridine (a), –bipyridine (b) and 1,10–phenanthroline (c). The coordination modes of ligands and the structure and geometry assignments of the complexes were determined using different analytical techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, powder and single crystal XRD. Based on the results, the ligand was found to coordinate to the Cu(II) ion through the COO moiety in bridging bidentate (1-8, 1a-8a), monodentate (1b-6b and 8b) and chelating bidentate fashions (1c, 3c-8c and 7b). Complex 2c was found to be unique because it had OH bridges and the carboxylate ligand is lying uncoordinated in the crystal lattice while the 5th coordination site around each copper(II) ion of the dinuclear complex is occupied by a water molecule. The geometry and structure of the complexes, as confirmed through single crystal X-ray analyses was found to be square pyramidal and polynuclear (1-8, without N-donor ligand), square pyramidal and dinuclear (with pyridine, 1a-8a and –bipyridine, 1b-6b, 8b) and distorted octahedral and mono-nuclear (1c, 3c-8c, with 1,10-phenanthroline and 7b with –bipyridine). The bulk property such as the purity of the complexes was confirmed through powder XRD of the crystalline samples where the simulated and experimental spectra were in complete agreement with each other. The DNA binding ability of all the synthesized complexes was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The diffusion coefficient of the free and DNA bound complexes were determined by the Randles-Sevcik equation. The positive peak potential shift in iii CV and the hypochromic effect in spectroscopy observed for complexes 4-8, 3a, 5a-8a, 1b, 5b, and 3c-7c evidenced the intercalative mode of interaction of these complexes with DNA while the negative potential shift observed for 3b, 4b, 8b, 1c, 2c, and 8c indicated electrostatic interactions. A mixed binding mode (electrostatic with intercalation) was observed for the rest of the complexes 1, 2, 3, 1a, 2a, 4a, 2b, 6b and 7b. The CV results revealed the highest binding strengths for 2, 3, 6, 5a, 6a, 1b, 3b-6b, 3c-6c and 7c (Kb range = 3.166 × 104 to 2.13 × 105). The UV-Vis spectroscopic data also indicated the same pattern of binding strength. Moreover, the λmax ε v w t UV-Vis spectroscopy. The peak ranges in spectroscopy show that the geometry around copper(II) in case of 1-8 and 1a-8a is square pyramidal while 1b-8b and 1c-8c exhibit an octahedral geometry in DMSO solution. Biological screening of the complexes against medically important bacterial and fungal strains has exhibited a significant antibacterial and antifungal activity for 1c, 2c, 6c and 7c and 1, 1b, 2, 2c, 3c, 5a, and 7c, respectively while 4a, 4b, 5, 5c, and 8c were found to have moderate antifungal activity. The potent DNA binding ability supported by biocidal activity indicated that these complexes can have a potential for the anti-cancer activity as well.