جسٹس خواجہ محمد یوسف
سخت افسوس ہے کہ جسٹس خواجہ محمد یوسف ۹؍ دسمبر ۲۰۰۴ء کو میڈی ویو نرسنگ ہوم میں وفات پاگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
وہ کلکتہ کے بہت محبوب اور ہر دل عزیز شخص تھے، مہینوں سے موت و زیست کی کشمکش میں گرفتار تھے، چند ماہ قبل برلاہارٹ ریسرچ سنٹر میں ان کے دل کا آپریشن ہوا تھا، اس کے بعد ہی سے کچھ نہ کچھ تکلیف رہتی تھی، انتقال سے پندرہ روز پہلے بیماری بڑھ گئی تو نرسنگ ہوم میں داخل ہوئے، ڈاکٹروں کی نگرانی میں امبولنس اور اسٹریچر پر تھوڑی دیر کے لیے ایران سوسائٹی میں تشریف لائے جہاں ۸؍ دسمبر کو ان کے بڑے صاحبزادے خواجہ جاوید یوسف کی شادی ہورہی تھی اور نکاح ہوتے ہی نرسنگ ہوم واپس چلے گئے، ۹؍ دسمبر کی صبح کو اچانک طبیعت زیادہ خراب ہوگئی مگر دوپہر تک سنبھل گئی تو کھانا تناول فرمایا اور سوگئے، شام کو پھر طبیعت خراب ہوئی اور ڈاکٹر کے آنے سے پہلے ہی مالک حقیقی سے جاملے۔
میت گھر پر آئی تو تعزیت کے لیے آنے والوں کا تانتا بندھ گیا، دوسرے دن غسل اور کفن کے بعد دیدار کے لیے جسد خاکی گھر سے متصل اسکول کے ہال میں رکھا گیا تو خلقت ٹوٹ پڑی اور جمعہ بعد جب جنازہ ایک نمبر گوبرا قبرستان لے جانے کے لیے اٹھا تو اس کے ساتھ مسلمانوں کے تمام طبقوں کے علاوہ سکھ، عیسائی، پارسی، ہندو اور بنگالی ہر مذہب و ملت کا ازد حام تھا جو زبانِ حال سے کہہ رہا تھا۔
چل ساتھ کہ حسرتِ دلِ محروم سے نکلے
عاشق کا جنازہ ہے ذرا دھوم سے نکلے
خواجہ صاحب کی موت ملک و ملت خصوصاً کلکتہ اور مغربی بنگال کے مسلمانوں کے لیے بڑا دردانگیز سانحہ ہے، ان کا وجود ان کے لیے رحمت و نعمت...
Ijmaa is the fourth source of Islamic law. It is the product of collective Ijthihad of Islamic jurists. This is one of the principal source of Islamic law and is based on the Qur'an and Sunna. It is in a way a kind of Ijthihad and can be termed as a collective Ijthihad. In modern day it can be exercised through parliament or a committee on Ijthihad. Its scope can be further widened for the Umma through an international council or congress of Islamic scholars.
Nigella sativa (Kalongi) seeds are well-known for the improvement of human health and used as folk medicine in treatment of various ailments. This is because of the fact that the seeds are a good source of several essential macro and micro nutrients as well as of many biologically active compounds. In present work electrochemical study of thymoquinone, which is the main active constituent of the N. sativa seed, was done using cyclic voltammetric technique at glassy carbon electrode versus saturated calomel electrode. Through cyclic voltammetry different quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Fe(III)-Thymoquinone complex, Cr(VI)-Thymoquinone complex, Cu(II)-Thymoquinone complex and Co(II)-Thymoquinone complex were determined. In all cases NaCl was used as supporting electrolyte except Cu(II)-Thymoquinone complex where LiCl was also used. The results showed quasi-reversible electron transfer reaction for all above mentioned complexes; however, in case of Cu(II)-Thymoquinone complex a shift from quasi-reversible to reversible behavior was observed. Effect of various parameters, such as scan rate, concentration and metal ligand ratio on complexes was noted by varying any one of them at one time while keeping others constant. Effect of repeated scanning was also examined. Results revealed presence of pre equilibrium charge transfer process in cases of Cr(VI)-Thymoquinone complex, Co(II)-Thymoquinone complex and Cu(II)-Thymoquinone complex, whereas post equilibrium charge transfer process in Fe(III)-Thymoquinone complex. The quantitative study with cyclic voltammetry showed that the use of a glassy carbon electrode could be helpful to quantify these complexes (Fe(III)-Thymoquinone complex and Co(II)- Thymoquinone complex 2 x 10 -5 to 1.2 x 10 -3 M, Cr(VI)-Thymoquinone complex 2 x 10 -4 to 1.2 x 10 -3 M and Cu(II)-Thymoquinone complex 2 x 10 -4 to 1.6 x 10 -3 M ). Hence this method can be used in the pharmaceutical quality control assay of these complexes. Values of transfer coefficient α and β, diffusion coefficient and E ̊ were also calculated for each complex. In addition, electrochemical study of V(IV)-Thymoquinone complex and Fe(III)-Thymol complex, Cr(VI)-Thymol complex, Cu(II)-Thymol complex, V(IV)-Thymol complex and Co(II)-Thymol complex was also performed which was not done in detail due to lack of time and facilities. Thymol is another active constituent of the black seed. Results indicated that cyclic voltammetry could also be helpful for determination of various quantitative and qualitative parameters of this constituent and its complexes. VIBefore performing electrochemical study some physical properties of the black seed were determined including moisture content and dissolved (DS) and undissolved solid (UDS) contents of the seed. Comparison of the results obtained for DS and UDS in aqueous and acidic medium showed that fast absorption of the seeds may take place in the acidic environment of stomach. The seed was also examined for its elemental composition using scanning electron microscopy which showed presence of several essential macro as well as micro elements in the seed. In order to find out suitable pH for complex formation, complexation of thymoquinone and thymol with Fe(III), Cr(VI), Cu(II), V(IV) and Co(II) was also investigated by pH-metry. Results revealed that out of above mentioned metals Fe(III) and V(IV) forms relatively stable complexes with both ligands. Moreover, they formed complexes at low pH while rest of the metals at high pH. Comparison of thymol and thymoquinone complexes indicates that thymoquinone forms more stable complexes with all mentioned metals as compared to thymol. pK a of both ligands was also determined. Present research also reveals that in case of heavy metal toxicity (specially by Fe(III), Cr(VI), Cu(II), V(IV) and Co(II)) thymoquinone and thymol could be helpful to remove them from the body. As both of the compounds form complexes with all above mentioned metals, they can be used in chelation therapy to remove toxic metals. It is also possible that both thymoquinone and thymol being antioxidants could reduce these metals, for example Fe (III) to Fe (II), Cr (VI) to Cr (III) etc. and hence converting these metals into their reduced form which is beneficial for the human body.