پروفیسر فضل الرحمن فریدی مرحوم
۲۶؍ جولائی کے اخبار میں ڈاکٹر شرف الدین اصلاحی کے انتقال کی خبر کے ساتھ ڈاکٹر فضل الرحمن فریدی کی وفات کی بھی خبر تھی، غم دوگنا ہوگیا، دنیائے علم کی ویرانی سی ویرانی ہے، اس کیفیت خزاں میں شجر زندگی کے اوراق زرد ہوتے جاتے ہیں۔
ڈاکٹر صاحب شیراز ہند جونپور کے مردم خیز قصبہ مچھلی شہر میں پیدا ہوئے، الہ آباد اور علی گڑھ میں اعلیٰ تعلیم حاصل کی، معاشیات کے موضوع میں اختصاص کیا، پہلے مسلم یونیورسٹی اور بعد میں سعودی عرب کی ملک عبدالعزیز یونیورسٹی میں اسی کادرس دیا، اﷲ نے قلب و ذہن کو پاکیزگی بخشی، اسلام کے نظریۂ معاشیات کو عصری نظام سرمایہ داری اور قمار و سود کی گرم بازاری میں یقین و اعتماد کے ساتھ پیش کرکے اس کی بہتری اور برتری ثابت کرنا، اس دور کا فرض کفایہ تھا جس کو پورا کرنے والوں میں فریدی مرحوم کا حصہ بڑا نمایاں ہے۔
تدریس کے ساتھ انہوں نے تصنیف و تالیف کا عمل جاری رکھا، جماعت اسلامی سے متاثر تھے اسی لیے جماعت کے انگریزی ترجمان ’’ریڈینس‘‘ کی ادارت اور دوسری انتظامی ذمہ داریاں بھی وقتاً فوقتاً انجام دیتے رہے، لیکن رسالہ ’’زندگی نو‘‘ ان کے افکار و نظریات کا سب سے موثر ترجمان رہا، وہ اس کے مدیر تھے اور اشارات میں ان کی ادارتی تحریریں اشارات سے زیادہ بینات کی صورت سامنے آتی رہیں۔ خصوصاً معاشی موضوعات پر نہایت معلومات افزا ہوتیں، ان کے افکار کی تہہ میں صرف یہ جذبہ پنہاں ہوتا کہ اسلام کی معاشی تعلیمات کی برکتوں کا اندازہ کرنے کے لیے موجودہ زمانہ کا ماحول سب سے سازگار ہے لیکن ہماری معلومات صرف روایتی مذہبی تعلیمات تک محدود ہیں، آئی ایم ایف جیسے مالیاتی اداروں کو ان کے اسلوب میں بتانے کی ضرورت ہے کہ قرضوں کی...
It is not uncommon to find cases of Muslim women being harassed or bullied in many of the Muslim-minority countries because of their dress. These Islamophobic attacks, unfortunately, are not merely conducted by radicalised individuals; but the subjugation of the rights of Muslim women also comes from institutional bodies and governments. Secular nations, such as France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Switzerland, USA, UK, Canada, China, and Russia have either imposed restrictions on Muslim women regarding their dress code. They see veil as a non-acceptance of progressive or cumulative values which is unsurprisingly not welcomed by the Muslim community. In such environment, it is inevitable for the Muslims to understand what the Qur’ān and Sunnah really say about the dress code for Muslim women in order to explain what their religion really requires from them and to communicate it appropriately to the government officials, journalists, politicians, and other relevant stakeholders. It is also essential from the perspective of segregating cultural aspects from the religious aspects. Many of the commonly used words for the dressing of Muslim women are more rooted in culture than the religion. It is accordingly vital to understand what the Qur’ān and Sunnah really command about the women dressing and how it has been interpreted in various Islamic societies and cultures. This paper accordingly presents an analysis of all the relevant Qur’ānic verses and the prophetic traditions (from the 6 most renowned books of ahadith). The linguistic analysis employed in this paper results in the identification of items of dress that were worn by Muslim women to safeguard their modesty during the times of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The same principles are relevant for today’s age and time and the Muslims can use those guidelines to delineate cultural practices from the religious injunctions.
This dissertation presents an application of heuristic computational intelligence for the solution of non-linear systems in engineering. The design scheme is comprised of mathematical model based on feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN). The linear combination of these networks defines the unsupervised error for the system. The most suitable weights to minimize the error are obtained by training the networks employing stochastic solvers. These techniques are based on nature inspired heuristics including Pattern Search (PS), Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms. Rapid local convergent algorithms such as Interior Point (IP) and Active Set (AS) methods are hybridized with these global search techniques. To validate the scheme, a number of linear and non-linear initial and boundary value problems have been solved. The design methodology is also applied to a number of problems having special applications in engineering including, singular systems based on non-linear Lane Emden Fowler equation, non-linear van der Pol oscillator with stiff and non-stiff conditions and systems with high nonlinearity governed by Painlevé transcendent I. In addition to that, the scheme also provides an alternate solution for biomedical application like model of heart for low, high and normal blood pressure. It is found that the proposed results are in good agreement with available exact solution and numerical solvers like Adomian decomposition method, Homotopy Perturbation method, Homotopy analysis method and Optimal Homotopy asymptotic method, ODE15i and Runge Kutta method. The comparative studies of stochastic solvers are carried out under a stringent criterion of accuracy, effectiveness, reliability and robustness of the results based on Monte Carlo simulation and its analysis. The solvers based on SA, PS, GA, PSO, GA and PSO hybrid with IP or AS algorithms are used for optimization of neural network. It is found that the GA-IP, GA-AS, PSO-IP and PSO-AS algorithms are the best stochastic optimizers. The other perk up of the scheme have in its simplicity of the concept, ease in use, efficiency and unlike other numerical techniques, it provides the solution on continuous inputs with finite interval instead of predefine discrete grid of inputs.