Chiral protected and deprotected amides were synthesized by using commercially available L-tartaric acid having two asymmetric centers and C2 axis of symmetry. In the synthetic sequence, diacid functionality of L-tartaric acid was protected as dimethyl ester and diol as 1,3-dioxolane. The partial hydrolysis of 1,3-dioxolane dimethyl ester gave the corresponding monoester. Monoester upon treatment with different substituted anilines gave desired amides (2a-2t). Amides (2a-2t) afforded compounds (3a-3t) with the aid of acetyl chloride in methanol. All the compounds were characterized by using sophisticated spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EI-MS and elemental analysis. The structures of compounds 2g, 2r and 3i were also unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Protected (2a-2l) and deprotected amides (3a-3l) were tested for their antimicrobial activities at different concentrations against different fungal and bacterial strains and were found effective. Monoaryl esters of L-tartaric acid (4a-4h) were prepared and processed further in Fries rearrangement. The structure of compound 4e in the series was also confirmed by X-ray crystallography. N-Linked glycopyranosides (10a-10e) and O-Linked glycopyranosides (11a-11e) were synthesized from monoester of L-tartaric acid. The synthesized compounds were confirmed with the aid of spectroscopic techniques. The structure of compound 11c in the series was supported by X-ray analysis. Antileishmanial activity of the glycopyranosyl amides (10a-10e) and glycopyranosides (11a-11e) was assayed which showed moderate to good activities. Synthesis of glycoconjugates (13a-13e) was carried out by using glycopyranosyl α-trichloroacetimidates and dimethyl-L-tartrate. Chiral imides and amides were prepared from diacetyl-L-tartaric acid anhydride and aliphatic, substituted aromatic amines and amino acids. The imides (14g-14m) were subjected for their antifungal and antibacterial activities against different fungal and bacterial strains. All the compounds showed good antifungal and moderate to good antibacterial activities.
پروفیسر محمد مجیب ان سطروں کے لکھتے وقت پروفیسر محمد مجیب، سابق وائس چانسلر جامعہ ملیہ دہلی کے انتقال ِ پر ملال کی خبر ملی، ان کی وفات ایک ایثارپسند محب وطن ، ایک بہت ہی قابلِ قدر مصنف، اردو زبان و ادب کے ایک بہت ہی لائق عزت اور جانثار اہلِ قلم، جامعہ ملیہ کے ایک بہت ہی شفیق اور محبوب وائس چانسلر، ایک بہت اچھے انسان ، علم دوست و علم پرور کی رحلت ہے، سرِ دست ان کے لیے دعا ہے کہ اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ ان کو اپنی بے پایاں رحمتوں اوربرکتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، فروری ۱۹۸۵ء)
The quality of productive assets plays a significant role in the success of Islamic banking, not just a mere function. Islamic banks consistently measure their performance by referring to the standard of productive asset quality as a benchmark. The prosperity of an Islamic bank's business substantially depends on its ability to manage investments by adhering to two main principles: the prudence principle and the Sharia principle. The aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the quality and risks in Islamic bank financing. To face the complexity and dynamics of the Islamic banking world, a qualitative approach was used. The research method is based on the post-positivism philosophical foundation, which views social reality as a whole, dynamic, complex, meaningful, and colored by interactive relationships.
Universities are investing on ICT for providing distance education to students residing in remote areas. But in most of the cases, ICT fails and users resist using it. Therefore the purpose of conducting this study is to examine factors that help in building teachers and students trust on ICT and ICT usage behavior for knowledge exchange. For this, two studies were conducted, where teachers and students of two public sector universities of Pakistan were requested to participate. These universities specifically offer distance learning programs and use ICT for knowledge sharing and knowledge seeking. Data on independent variables (―UTAUT constructs‖) and mediating variables (trust, intention) were collected at time period 1, whereas responses for ―usage behavior‖ was collected at time period 2 (after 2 months gap within a semester). In total for study 1, 350 responses were received from students and for study 2, 150 responses were received from teachers. For mediation analysis, Hayes (2013) MACRO PROCESS with bootstrapped confidence interval technique was used. The mediation results on the basis of indirect effects suggested that trust mediates the relationship between facilitating condition (FC) and Usage Behavior (UB) for both the studies as proposed. Moreover, trust and intention sequentially mediated the relationship between performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI) and UB in both the studies except between EE, SI and UB of study 2. The current study also presents the theoretical and practical implications with limitation of the study and future research directions.