صارفین کے حقوق: معاصر پاکستانی قوانین اور سیرت نبوی ﷺ کا تقابلی مطالعہ

In order to protect consumer rights, the government has made regular legislation on national and provincial level. In which the rights of the consumers are clearly explained. These rules are contemporary and comprehensive, those who are more likely to ensure the protection of consumer rights. With the help of these laws, different issues and conflicts of consumers can be resolved. The Sharia, the rights reserved for the users/consumers are also of a wide variety. In this article first the contemporary laws of Pakistan about the consumers protections has been explained and then in the lights of Saying of Muhammad (PBUH) the rights of users and consumers have been mentioned in details, in the last the comparison of the both laws is presented.

پاکستان میں اردو زبان کی تدریس کے مسائل و مباحث

Language is a means of communication. Language is the recognition of a nation and the custodian of the culture in a society. Among the various languages of Pakistan, Urdu enjoys a unique status as national language. It is not only a lingua franca but also a means of unifying the whole nation as well. Urdu is taught as a compulsory subject up to higher secondary level. Teaching of Urdu language has been a very chronicle problem since long. A general outcome shows that Urdu is taken for granted as an easier subject, so no extra measures and arrangements are made in its teaching. There was a dire need to review this problem in order to find out the remedial measures. This research is an effort to find a clue for the said purpose. The research study includes both pedagogical and linguistic aspects keeping in view the ground realities. The first chapter deals with a comprehensive introduction and teaching importance of Urdu language whereas the second chapter relates to the pedagogical concepts associated with its teaching. Third chapter deals with the skills covering listening, speaking, reading and writing problems faced by the learners residing in all the areas of this country. Fourth chapter follows the art of written mode, punctuation, annotation and pronunciation problems. Fifth chapter deals with teaching of prose, poetry, grammar and composition. An overall summary and analysis has been given in the last chapter. Besides this, it includes conclusions and recommendations for the improvement of existing situation and further research. I hope this research may prove a useful addition in the realm of teaching Urdu as a language.