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Theoritical Study of Intense Laser Beam Interaction With Relativistic Quantum Plasma

Thesis Info

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Author

Ikram Ullah

Program

PhD

Institute

Kohat University of Science and Technology

City

Kohat

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11680/1/Ikram%20Ullah_Phy_2017_KUST_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727604385

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The interaction of intense Circularly Polarized Electro-Magnetic (CPEM) wavewith3-componentrelativistic-quantumplasmaconsistingofrelativistic degenerate electrons and positrons, and dynamic degenerate ions is theoreti cally studied. A mathematical model is structured by coupling Klein-Gordon equationsfortheelectronsandpositrons;andSchro¨dingerequationfortheions with Maxwell equations through Poisson equation. Solutions of the dispersion relationareplottedfortherelativisticquantumplasmausingelectrondensity ranging from 1030m−3 to 1036m−3 and several positron concentrations. Three modesareobserved: electronplasmawave,lowfrequency,andhighfrequency waves. One of the mode could be associated with the electron plasma wave; a higher frequency mode, that we shall refer to as the pair branch in this the sis; and a low frequency mode that could be associated with the ions. The pair branch mode having a possible association with the positron states stays unaltered by variation in the positron concentration, but varies significantly ii withachangeinthequantumparameterdefinedintermsoftheparticlenum ber density. The addition of positrons to plasma and increasing the positron concentrationsuggestenhancedopacityoftherelativisticquantumplasma. A nonlinear interaction of large amplitude CPEM waves with the plasma leads toself-inducedtransparency. Theplasmatransparencyincreaseswithincreas ing the amplitude of CPEM wave. The model so developed is then applied tostudystimulatedRamanscattering,modulationalinstabilityandstimulated BrillouinscatteringofintenseCPEMwavesinsuchplasmas. Ourresultsshow that the growth rates are affected by the positron concentration, the quantum parameter of the plasma as well as by the amplitude of the incident electro magnetic wave. Themodelisthenextendedtoa4-componentand3-componentrelativistic quantum plasmas. In the first case constituents of plasma are relativistic degenerate electrons and positrons, dynamic degenerate ions, and Thomas Fermi distributed electrons. The second type consists of relativistic degener ate electrons, dynamic degenerate ions and non-relativistic quantum beam of electrons. We have used Klein-Gordon equations for the electrons and positrons,Schro¨dingerequationfortheionsandnon-relativisticquantumbeam ofelectrons,andThomas-Fermidistributedelectronsareconsideredintheback ground. MaxwellandPoissonequationsareusedfortheelectromagneticwave. Numericalstudyofthedispersionpropertiesiscarriedoutinadensity-range of ∼ 1030 → 1036m−3 for several positron concentrations. Specifically, four modes are observed; associated with electrons, positrons, ions and beam of electrons. Onceagain,thepairbranchmodestaysunalteredbyvariationinthe iii positron concentration, but varies significantly with a change in the quantum parameter. An increase in the positron and electron beam concentrations en hancetheplasmaopacity. ThenonlinearinteractionoflargeamplitudeCPEM waveswiththeplasmasleadstoself-inducedtransparency. Thetransparency decreaseswithincreasingthepositronandelectronbeamconcentrations. The model is then applied to study stimulated Raman scattering, modulational in stability and stimulated Brillouin scattering of intense CPEM waves in such plasmas. It is observed that the growth rates of these instabilities are affected by the concentration of positrons, the quantum parameter of plasma, and intensity of the incident laser beam.
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الفصل الأول: ما هو الأدب المقارن ؟

الفصل الأول: ما هو الأدب المقارن ؟

 تعددت وكثرت مدلولات الأدب المقارن، وتنوعت من باحث لآخر فالأدب المقارن من العلوم الأدبية الحديثة المبتكرة في العصر الحديث وأول من أطلق عليه هذه التسمية[1] فان تيجم[2] ففي المعنى المعجمي هو "المقارنة بين آداب أو أدباء لغوية واحدة أو مجموعات لغوية مختلفة من خلال دراسة التأثيرات الأدبية التى تتعدى الحدود اللغوية والجنسية والسياسية كالمدرسة الرومانتيكية[3] في آداب مختلفة"، فالمقارنة بين شوقي وشكسبير في العمل الأدبي المسرحي( كليو باترا) هو من قبيل الأدب المقارن، ولكن الموازنة بين شوقي وإسكندر فرح في ( كليوباترا) هو من الموازنات الأدبية وإن اتفقنا في الصفة الخارجية وهي الموزانة والمقارنة، إلا أنهما يختلفان في الوجوه[4] .

 ويوضح محمد رمضان الجريبي تعريف الأدب المقارن ويوضحه باختصار بأنه إذا أردنا أن نخرج بتعريف بسيط لهذا العلم نجد أن الأدب المقارن هو دراسة نصين أو أديبين أو عنصرين لمعرفة أوجه الاتفاق أو الإختلاف ، لبيان الأصيل منهما والفاضل من المفضول سواء كانت هذه الدراسة في الأدب القومي الواحد واللغة الواحدة أو كانت في لغتين مختلفتين.

وهناك اختلاف بين الموزانة والمقارنة.

  1. فالموازنة الأدبية تكون في حدود اللغة الواحدة والأدب القومي الواحد ، في حين أن الأدب المقارن يكون بالمقارنة بين أدبين أو لغتين مختلفتين .
  2. الموزانة الأدبية تقوم على دراسة جوهر الأدب وعناصره وأسرار الجمال فيه ، بينما الدراسة المقارنة تدرس وتتبع تاريخ الآداب وعلاقتها ببعضها
  3. وأخيراً الموزانة الأدبية تستهدف البحث عن أسباب الجمال وعناصر القوة والضعف في العمل الأدبي .

أما المقارنة الأدبية تهدف إلى البحث في الجذور التاريخية للآداب ، ومدى التأثر أو التأثير بين أدبين مختلفين في اللغة، وهذا يعني أن الموازنة بين أبي تمام والبحتري في الأدب العربي أو...

عصر حاضر میں مسلمانوں کی سیاسی ابتری اور اس کا تدارک: سیرتِ طیبہﷺ کی روشنی میں

The noble life Of Rasulullah (ﷺ) provides the best after course and framework for the individual and collective life of Muslims which can lead Muslims to prosper in each part of life. Out of different problems of the Muslim Ummah in the current circumstances is the absence of political insight and exemplary leadership which is one of the most important problems and due to which Muslims are victim of decline on international basis. The political and national problems of Muslims include the absence of exemplary leadership, Muslim Ummah getting victim of mutual differences, deprivation of the majority of Muslim rulers of bravery and boldness, shortage of the wellbeing of the public, excess of corruption and fraud, absence of self-accountability in the public and rulers, not complying with the rules of justice, shortage of qualified and experienced individuals in different departments and institutions along with some other similar problems. Without getting them solved, the dreams of prosperity and success of Muslim Ummah cannot be fulfilled. We can find the solution of all of these problems in the teachings of Rasulullah (S.A.W) and in his noble life. Hence it is very important to prepare a framework in the light of Seerah and adopt it accordingly in this very important part of life. In the article under reference, Muslims Political deterioration in the modern era and a review of its remedy is to be presented in the light of Seerah.

Surveillance and Management of Mosquito Species With Special Emphasis on the Dengue Vector S in Peshawar Valley

The present study was planned to investigate the population dynamics and habitats of economically important mosquito species with special emphasis on Aedes spp., the dengue vector in Peshawar Valley during 2011 - 2012. Data were collected from different habitat types in Peshawar, Nowshera, Mardan and Charsadda. Efficacy of different synthetic and natural insecticides as well as IGRs was tested in various concentrations against the mosquito species. In the irradiation experiments various doses of Cobalt 60 were tested to determine the optimum dose for causing male sterility in Aedes albopictus. The result revealed that population of Culex spp. was highest in Peshawar and lowest in Charsadda. The mean abundance of Aedes albopictus was highest in Mardan and lowest in Charsadda. Culex spp. populations peaked during September- October while Aedes spp. during October-November. Highest mean abundance (5300) of the specimen was found in sewage water and lowest in flower pots (11). At all the tested sites sewage water was found more favorable for breeding of Culex spp. while, irrigation channels, scrap, water tanks and pot vases for Aedes spp. The ovitrap index revealed higher population of Culex spp. in the indoor while that of Aedes spp. in the outdoor location. The indoor ovitrap index of Culex spp. was highest in Mardan (16.05%) and lowest in Peshawar (9.38%). The outdoor ovitrap index of Aedes spp. was highest in Nowshera (19.3%) and lowest in Charsadda (7.83%). The vector control In Vitro experiments showed significant differences in larval and adult mortalities as affected by the different synthetic insecticides, IGRs and plant extracts tested in various concentrations. Spatial variation in the mortality of both larvae and adults were observed in response to the insecticides. This variable response might be due to the intra-specie genetic variations from selection pressure of insecticides resulting into the development of resistance in the mosquitoes. The IGRs exhibited LC50 and LC90 in range of 0.002 to 0.016 ppm and 0.008 to 0.115 ppm, respectively. The IGRs yielded significant inhibition (79 to 99.5%) in adult emergence in the 3rd instars larvae of both Aedes and Culex spp. The IGRs were classified in terms of the tested parameters in order of Pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG > Pyriproxyfen 0.5 WDG > Methoprene. In the field experiments, Pyriproxyfen 1.0 WDG @ 0.1g/m3 resulted in negligible adult emergence over a period of six months in water samples from different treated habitats. Crude plant extracts were tested for larvicidal activity against 3rd and 4th instars of Culex and Aedes spp. Parthenium showed lowest LC50 (0.849-1.543%), LC90 (1.875-2.882%) while Stevia extract the highest LC50 (2.086-2.889%), LC90 (5.836-8.533%) against the 3rd and 4th instar larvae of both the species after 24-48 hrs exposure periods. The larvicidal efficiency of plant extracts were ranked in order of Parthenium > Neem extract > Chrysanthemum > Neem oil > Stevia extract. The results of SIT experiments with Aedes albopictus revealed irradiation dose of 40-60 Gy as optimum for acceptable number of mating (7-8) of sterile males with wild female, negligible fecundity and subsequent hatching in no choice tests.