محمد عباس اثرؔ(۱۹۰۱ء۔پ) کا اصل نام محمد عباس اور اثرؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ اثر ؔراولپنڈی میں پیدا ہوئے۔ سیالکوٹ میں بزمِ افکار کا احیا کیا اور اس بزم کے صدر بنے۔ اثر سیالکوٹ میں حلقہ اربابِ ذوق کے ممبر بھی منتخب ہوئے۔ آپ نعت‘ غزل‘ نظم اور قطعات لکھتے تھے ۔(۳۴۴) اثر روایتی شاعر ہیں۔ ان کی شاعری توحید و رسالت‘ یاسیت اور دردو غم میں ڈوبی ہوئی ہے۔ نمونۂ کلام ملاحظہ ہو:
آج کچھ اور حال ہے دل کا
/بجھ رہا ہے چراغ محفل کا
-اک بگولہ اٹھا سرِ منزل
-اڑ رہا ہے غبار منزل کا
3غم کی کونپل نگاہ سے پھوٹی
/کوئی ٹوٹا ہے آبلہ دل کا
5آندھی اٹھی اثرؔ بڑھاؤ قدم
/بجھ رہا ہے چراغ منزل کا
(۳۴۵)
کیا سناتے انہیں ہم حال سنایا نہ گیا
درد محسوس تو ہوتا تھا دکھایا نہ گیا
اور تو رنج کئی ہم نے اٹھائے لیکن
رنج بے مہری احباب اٹھایا نہ گیا
(۳۴۶)
/شکستِ غم آرزو درد بن کر
میرے دل کو رہتا ہے اکثر لپیٹے
اثر میں نے اشعار میں ضبطِ غم سے
3سلگتے ہوئے چند آنسو سمیٹے
(۳۴۷)
ABSTRACT: Extremism remains the main concern for global security after 9/11 event. Western countries consider the religious intolerance in Muslim countries as a source of prevailing extremism. Pakistani Madaris (seminaries) are considered as a place for indoctrination of extremism and intolerance. The questions need to be addressed that why and how religious students tended towards extremism. The evidence shows that in Pukhtoon Society; the traditional social institutions of Hujra (Community center) and Jumaat (Mosque) relationship is also affected in post Afghan Soviet war. Hujra (Pukhtoon Community centre) which is traditionally the main supporter and financer of Jumaat (Mosquereligious institution) ; now seems to be overpowered by the religious institutions after getting trained and motivated organized Taliban (students of Indigenous Islamic Education System) and financial freedom after Afghan Soviet war. In this paper the question of legal status given to Taliban and their education status by the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is discussed. For exploring to answer this question both primary and secondary sources of data are used. The study concluded that no properly defined legal status exists for the millions of Taliban graduates in the state; and the aspired streamlining efforts of Madaris with formal education are non productive and ineffective. Even the supreme court of Pakistan is unanswered about the legal status of these graduates. Legislators elected in 2002 National Election faced cases in Supreme Court of Pakistan of their ineligibility based on the in¬ equivalency of their Madaris Sanad (Degree) to the formal University Degree of Pakistan. Government of Pakistan tried to mainstream Madaris education with formal education system of Pakistan, through changing their curricula which is all time resisted by Madaris. It is concluded at the end of the study of integrating Madaris education with formal education system in vertical arrangement rather than in horizontal or lateral arrangement (change of curriculum and amalgamation of courses etc.) . The approach of Vertical arrangement acknowledge the importance and value of both systems and provide benefits to the stakeholders in large. Different modalities are discussed in this paper.
The present study is an effort to put in plain words a concise chronological analysis of the shocking impact of floods caused by massive flooding striking the land mass of Pakistan with regular intervals. The majority of the major inundations in the history of Pakistan resulted in serious socio-economic damages and destructions to the most valuable and precious assets of the country. The study also scans the scope of previous efforts put by other scholars correlated with the impact of floods in Pakistan. The outcomes of merciless floods all over the country were assessed quantitatively of last 37 years (1973-2010). Pakistan has faced 17 floods of various magnitudes- 1973,1975,1976,1977,1978,1982, 1988, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007 and2010, among which around 50 percent were considered as major floods. This is first time in the history of Pakistan that socio-economic impact of floods have been comprehensively determined and analyzed from most of the available authentic resources. Recommendations have been made to ensure adequate and detailed availability of flooding events and to prevent huge damages in the future.