اسلامی نظام اقتصاد کی اخلاقیات تجارت ومعیشت میں دینی و اخلاقی اقدار کی اہمیت کے حوالے سے علمی و تحقیقی جائزہ

Islam is a holistic and comprehensive system of life because the Creator of universe has given the instructions that are eternal and are perfect guide for humanity in all ages and circumstances. Islamic teachings are consistent with the comprehensive nature. Those instructions that human being has given for all walks of life in that the elements of morality is distinct and dominant and prohibited every act that is harmful to others. This fact is quite clear that the moral aspect of Islam is so important to consider the ethics of Islam has taken into consideration and there is no command to be out of the realm of ethics and particularly matters of life which is part of religion and are important aspect of society. Islamic teachings are so clear that there is no example of it in any economic system the world. Today we have different economic systems in the world which essentially teach us that the purpose of human life is to make money and collect goods even if affects the lives of others. But in Islamic economic world it is emphasized that this world is not the original house and satisfactory zone of human being and his purpose is not to collect wealth but the worship of Almighty. Human being is gifted fair system of order in every aspect of which there is clearly ethics thus human is strictly prohibited to collect money through unfair means and in cruel manners. In this article we will discuss the ethical consideration of Islamic economical system. So it is quite clear that the guarantor of peace, love and harmony in the world is Islamic system.

Postharvest Storage and Quality Management of Citrus Cvv. Kinnow Mandarin Citrus Nobilits Lour. X Citrus Delicious Tenora .

Citrus is an important fruit crop of world as well as in Pakistan. It is very rich source of vit.C along with sugars and minerals. Citrus fruits also contain bioactive compounds in juice i.e., flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids and antioxidants which help to reduce risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases in human. After harvesting and storage, some internal changes continue which deteriorate fruit quality by affecting the nutritional status of fruits and heavy losses occur.Some pre storage treatments slow down these changes therefore research project was planned to investigate the effects of different techniques (radiation, wax and salicylic acid) on fruit quality of citrus cv. ‘Kinnow’ mandarin under cold storage (5°C). A series of experiments were executed and first two experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of different radiation doses (0-1000 Gy) on fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ during 90 days. It was observed that 800 Gy radiation treatments effectively minimized the fruit decay 25 to 11% after 90 days of storage. Minimum weight loss (11.44%), SSC: Acid ratio (8.56) maximum total phenolic contents (147.45 mg GAE 100g-1), total antioxidants (63.98% % inhibition) POD (0.70 U mg-1 protein) and SOD (112.1 U mg-1 protein) were also found in fruits of same treatment. In 3rd experiment, two local fruit coatings (PHRC wax and benzaldehyde) were compared with two commercial waxes and found that PHRC wax performed at par to commercial waxes to minimize fruit decay during 90 days storage. PHRC wax also maintained peel: pulp ratio (1.64) and SSC: Acid ratio (9.26) in optimum range with higher values of total phenolic contents (230.62), total antioxidants (62.10), CAT (15.26), POD (0.68) and SOD (131) after 90 days. Two experiments were conducted to optimize a best level of SA (2-12 mM) and it was found that 4 mM performed best to minimize the fruit rot from 23-4%, weight loss from28-16% withhigher values of SSC: Acid ratio (9.11), total phenolic contents (185.58 mg GAE 100g-1),antioxidants (58.99%), CAT (19.2 U mg-1 protein), POD (0.6 U mg-1 protein) and SOD (123.49 U mg-1 protein). Comparison of radiation, wax coating and salicylic acid showed that treatment of pre storage treatment with SA was found best to minimize fruit rot (2%) with maximum TPC (253.99 mg GAE 100g-1 FW), antioxidants (77.38%), CAT (17.71 Umg-1 protein), POD (0.67 Umg-1 protein ) and SOD (123.46 Umg-1 protein) after 90 days storage. It is concluded that ‘Kinnow’ fruits can be stored for 90 days at 5°C with pre-storage treatment of 4 mM SA to maintain the fruit quality.