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Home > Triorgano- Metal Derivatives of Some Carboxylic Acid Containing Drugs: Synthesis, Characterization & Biological Activities

Triorgano- Metal Derivatives of Some Carboxylic Acid Containing Drugs: Synthesis, Characterization & Biological Activities

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Iftikhar, Syed Hassan

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Engineering and Technology

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11095/1/Original%20PhD%20Thesis-Final.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727633142

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In this study, ten new series of triorganotin(IV) derivatives of carboxylates have been synthesized in a result of reaction between tri-organotin(IV) chlorides or tri-organotin(IV) hydroxides with carboxylate ligands of highly active and renound medicines of famous family of quinolones, flouro quinolones and few other such drugs in dry toluene. The ligands (HL1-HL10) used themselves very famous for their activities against most of the bacterial and fungal strains. The mode of coordination of these ligands, structural confirmation and geometric assignments of all the synthesized complexes (1-60) both in solid and liquid states were checked, using various analytical techniques in combination such as FT-IR, multinuclear (1H, 13C and 119Sn) NMR, CHNS analysis, mass spectrometry, TGA-DSCand single crystal X-ray analysis. On the basis of these results, most of the ligands appeared to coordinate to Sn atom through carboxylate moiety except thiobenzoic acid due to the formation of dimer. The trimethyltin (IV) and tributyltin(IV) derivatives posses trigonal bipyramidal geometry both in solid and solution state while triphenyltin(IV) have shown tetrahedral geometry specially due to bulky nature of phenyl groups. The binding/interaction of newly synthesized compounds with SS-DNA was checked by UV-visible Spectroscopic technique and on the basis of viscosity measurement method in the presence and absence of complexes. A hypochromic effect along with obvious bathochromic shift (red shift) was seen in UV studies. These are the clear indications of intercalation mode of interaction. The complex-DNA adduct was formed with great spontaneity as does indicated by the negative values of ∆G for all the evaluated complexes. These results were also well supported by complex-DNA intercalation when checked by viscosity measurement method. All of the newly synthesized complexes were also checked in terms of their antibacterial and antifungal behaviour against several different medically important bacterial and fungal strains whose culture were already prepared and was taken from market. All of the new triorganotin (IV) derivatives have shown significant antibacterial and antifungal activities, more than their respective ligands. Furthermore, most of the newly synthesized compounds were found to have fair antimicrobial activities comparable to the reference drugs. These observations gave the idea that most of these compounds may potentially be used as effective antibacterial and antifungal agents in the coming future. The antitumor and anticancer behaviour of the representative complexes were very positive especially when antitumor agent not only could serve for the treatment of tumors but also can act as a potential source of chemo protective agent which was the worst challenge for all the chemists who are presently working in the field of medicinal synthesis. The leishmaniocidal activities of few of the synthesized compounds were also evaluated and it was found that some of the compounds have shown strong antileishmanial activities. Therefore, the results demonstrated that these synthesized complexes can potentially be used as a new source of novel agents for the effective treatment of leishmaniasis.
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اک عمر جو گزاری تو ہم کو پتا چلا

اک عمر جو گزاری تو ہم کو پتہ چلا
لازم نہیں ہے کوئی بھی جینے کے واسطے

آیات مجیئت و رحمت کی تشریح میں امام الدلجی کے فنون علمیہ کا جائزہ: مخطوطہ الاصطفاء لبیان معانی الشفاء کی روشنی میں

Communication development has made the world a global village. The modern and art education is lasting in this era. Due to this interacting atmosphere of epistemic collaboration takes place. Hence, only international seminars and interfaith dialogues are considered to be the meaningful. Quran as the root source of seerah explained by various interpreters according to their knowledge taste. Imam addalji (died  947 A.H) also interpreted verses of seerah   as well as “al-Shifa̅” text in his famous manuscript (“al-Istif a̅’ libaya̅n Ma ̒ a̅ni̅ al-Shifa̅”) in pure cognitive contents. The following research paper reviews the discussions of cognitive contents described under the interpretation of ayat al majeah and rahmat in his Manuscript. The main objective is to focus the reality that Quran is not against the art education in Fact Quran in itself has a very deep educational and artistic values. They can please the research keenness of  human intellectual capacity in best way.

Child Labour a Statistical Study Using Multistage Probability Proportional Strati Ed Systematic Sampling

Child labor is a widespread phenomenon in the world, occurring predominantly in develop- ing countries. Recently, there has been renewed concern about the presence and impact of child labor from politicians, activists and academics alike. Most of the popular discussion has centered on misleading statistics, harmful e ects of child labor and ways to curtail its incidence. Much of the recent theoretical literature has focused attention on the fact that the decision to send children to work is most likely made not by the children themselves, but by households who do so out of dire need. Poverty is considered to be the root cause of child labor. In fact, this is not true and literacy and household e ect are even bigger variables in the determination, and measurement of child labor in a society. This raises the issue of the impact of literacy and schooling on child labor and vice versa. Notwithstanding, a large and rapidly expanding literature on child labor, there is not much empirical evidence on this issue since much of this literature has concentrated on socially, anthropologically, or somewhat psychologically, analyzing the causes of child labor rather than studying its consequences, especially for the impact of learning and household. The present study seeks toll this signi cant gap in the literature on child labor. Broadly, the study can be divided into three parts; developing a reliable estimate to calculate number of children doing work, identifying important factors for child labour, and thirdly, developing a pro le of today''s child labourer. The exercise is conducted on a primary data set involving 5-14 years old children from Lahore & Bahawalpur divisions, Pakistan, using a multi-stage probability proportional strati ed systematic sampling scheme. Close ended questionnaire was specially developed keeping in view theeld and data processing requirements of the project. To avoid possible biases, proper interviewer''s training and practice sessions were conducted. Information was collected on family demographics, place of origin and current living status, personal information, current work history and conditions, personal behaviour, health, perceptions and knowledge and literacy level on a household basis from the house- hold head. The estimator is developed using Sampford (1967) extension to Brewer (1963) approach for calculating internal selection probabilities. The numerical strength of child labour in these two divisions turns out to be 3,440,411 chil- dren which happens to be 32% of total children living in these two divisions. Monte-Carlo simulation is carried out to develop its probability distribution which turns out a bi-modal distribution. This bi-modalness is probably because of di erent boys and girls labourers or due to di erent sizes of districts and tehsils included in the sample. This distribution is then used to develop con dence intervals associated with the total number of child labourers in these two divisions. E ect of household, literacy and poverty are quantitatively investigated and these turns out to be the biggest instrumental variables in the dynamics of child labour- ers. Speci c generalized Poisson regression models are developed for various situations to ascertain and gauge the veracity of associations and relationships between child labour dy- namics and its causes like household demography, household poverty and household literacy. It turns out that household demography, including its physical and familial structure, plays a statistically signi cant role in the dynamics of child labour. Household poverty, on the second hand, turns out to be promotive for child labour. While, increasing household literacy turns out to be negatively associated with the dissemination of child labour. Multivariate cluster analysis is also conducted to develop a household characteristics based segmentation in the child labour community which results in three clearly separated clusters of labouring kids; mechanics, chotta, and girls. A multiple discriminant analysis is also conducted to develop a household characteristics based yard stick to index households for their propensity towards child labour. It also helps in identifying the potential entrants in this labour. In the end, a pro le is developed for a typical child labourer on the basis of accumulated data envisaging di erent facets of his life. Such a pro le is useful in understanding the life and miseries of a child labourer and his household.