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Utilization of Alien Genetic Diversity for Improving Drought Tolerance in Bread Wheat

Thesis Info

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Author

Khalid, Maria

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Sciences & Technology

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Bio sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11736/1/Maria%20Khalid-%20applied%20bioscience%202019%20ASAB-NUST%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727651135

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Drought stress at all stages affects physiological and morphological characteristics important for wheat growth and development. Two types of population, i.e., International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI) and Synthetic derivatives (SYN-DER) were utilized to study the effects of drought stress in wheat. 209 recombinant inbred lines of ITMI, derived from synthetic wheat (W7984) x Opata, were evaluated at seedling stage for quantitative trait loci (QTL) identification. Our results indicated moderate to high broad sense heritability (H) among the RILs population with significant differences (p<0.01) revealed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). A high-density linkage map was constructed with 2639 genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) markers that covered 5047 cM with an average marker density of 1.9 cM/marker. 16 QTLs were identified by composite interval mapping (CIM), distributed over nine chromosomes, out of which 10 QTLs were identified under water-limited (WL) conditions and 6 were identified under well-watered (WW) conditions with 4 to 59% of the phenotypic variance. In addition, 216 accessions of synthetic wheat germplasm (SYN-DER) were evaluated using 124 Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) functional assays on 87 functional genes. KASP genotyping results indicated that beneficial alleles for genes underpinning flowering time (Ppd-D1 and Vrn D3), thousand-grain weight (TGW) (TaCKX-D1, TaTGW6-A1, TaSus1-7B and TaCwi D1), water-soluble carbohydrates (TaSST-A1), yellow-pigment content (Psy-B1 and Zds D1), and root lesion nematodes (Rlnn1) were fixed in diversity panel with frequency ranging from 96.4-100%. The association analysis of functional genes with agronomic phenotypes in WW and WL conditions revealed that 21 marker-trait associations (MTAs) were consistently associated with agronomic traits in both conditions. Vrn-A1, Rht-D1, and xiv Ppd-B1 exhibited confounding effect on several agronomic traits including plant height, TGW and grain yield in both WW and WL conditions. The accumulation of favorable alleles for grain size and weight genes additively enhanced TGW in diversity panel. CWI gene has a conserved WECPDF domain. The result showed that 123 accessions have Hap 4A-C haplotype at TaCwi-A1, which is significantly associated with TGW and other agronomic traits under both WW and WL conditions. The non-synonymous substitutions observed in TaCwi-B1 in the conserved domain (WECPDF) were Glu372Lys, Glu372Gly, Pro374Gln, Asp375Thr, while Phe376Leu, Tyr377Thr, Val379Cys variants. In silico analysis revealed that these point mutations were sequentially and structurally influencing the biological function of the TaCwi-B1 protein.
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پروفیسرحامد حسن قادری

پروفیسر حامد حسن قادری
افسوس ہے کہ ادھر چند مہینوں کے اندر دنیائے علم و ادب کی کئی نامور ہستیوں، پروفیسر حامد حسن صاحب قادری، سید ہاشمی صاحب فرید آبادی اور مولانا صلاح الدین احمد نے انتقال کیا، پروفیسر حامد حسن صاحب قادری ہماری پرانی علمی بزم کی یادگار تھے، اردو اور فارسی زبان و ادب اور اس کی تاریخ پر ان کی نظر بڑی گہری اور وسیع تھی، تاریخ داستان اردو ان کی وسعت نظر کی شاہد ہے، وہ عرصہ تک سینٹ جانس کالج آگرہ میں اردو اور فارسی کے استاد رہے، ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد کراچی چلے گئے تھے، اور وہیں وفات پائی، ان کی وفات سے ایک پرانی علمی و تہذیبی یادگار مٹ گئی۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اگست ۱۹۶۴ء)

زیب و زینت میں لباس کی شرعی حیثیت

Fashionable dressing is a very sensitive issue for females, it creates sometimes confusion that what are the limits and orders of “Shariah” for it. So I try to inform all females a proper dress code in the light of Islamic “Shariah”. Islam is not against the fashion but it says that it should be only for “Mahrams” and it should not be out of limits. So the article deals to clarify needs and importance of dress, dress codes in Islam as well as the usage of different type of dressings like thin, fitted, expensive and costly, male dresses, uneven (not according to Islam) etc. It will clarify the confusion which makes us confused in fashionable dressing and how much it is allowed to keep them in use. Islam has provided guidance in dressing like in any other fields of life as well as fashion is allowed by Allah as blessing but according to the rules and regulation of Islamic “Shariah” and do not try to go against it. That is why we have to be aware and careful while fashioning.

Means of Cauchy’S Type

Deciding where to begin is a major step. One procedure is to lay out all necessary preliminary material, introduce the major ideas in their most general setting, prove the theorems and then specialize to obtain classical results and various applications. We experience convexity all the times and in many ways. The most prosaic example is our upright position, which is secured as long as the vertical projection of our center of gravity lies inside the convex envelope of our feet. Also convexity has a great impact on our every day life through numerous applications in industry, business, medicine and art. So do the problems of optimum allocation of resources and equilibrium of non cooperative games. The theory of convex functions is a part of the general subject of convexity, since a convex function is one whose epigraph is a convex set. Nonetheless it is an important theory, which touches almost all branches of mathematics. In calculus, the mean value theorem states, roughly, that given a section of a smooth curve, there is a point on that section at which the derivative (slope) of the curve is equal (parallel) to the ”average” derivative of the section. It is used to prove theorems that make global conclusions about a function on an interval starting from local hypotheses about derivatives at points of the interval. This theorem can be understood concretely by applying it to motion: if a car travels one hundred miles in one hour, so that its average speed during that time was 100 miles per hour, then at some time its instantaneous speed must have been exactly 100 miles per hour. An early version of this theorem was first described by Parameshvara (1370-1460) from the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics in his commentaries on Govin- dasvami and Bhaskara II. The mean value theorem in its modern form was later stated viiviii by Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789-1857). It is one of the most important results in differential calculus, as well as one of the most important theorems in mathematical analysis, and is essential in proving the fundamental theorem of calculus. The mean value theorem can be used to prove Taylor’s theorem, of which it is a special case. We use this Mean value theorem and its other generalized version to define new Cauchy’s means. In the first chapter some basic notions and results from the theory of means and convex functions are being introduced along with classical results of convex functions. In the second chapter we define some further results about logarithmic convexity of differences of of power means for positive linear functionals as well as some related results. In the third chapter we define new means of Cauchy’s type. We prove that this mean is monotonic. Also we give some applications of this means. In the fourth chapter we give Cauchy’s means of Boas type for non positive measure. We show that these Cauchy’s means are monotonic. In the fifth chapter, we give definition of Cauchy means of Mercer’s type. Also, we show that these means are monotonic. In the sixth chapter, we define the generalization of results given by S. Simi ́c, for log- convexity for differences of mixed symmetric means. We also present related Cauchy’s means. In the last chapter we give an improvement and reversion of well known Ky-Fan inequality. Also we introduce in this chapter Levinson means of Cauchy’s type. We prove that these means are monotonic.